Psych 1010 Final Exam Review Flashcards
Studied by 0 people
View linked note
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/399
Earn XP
Description and Tags
Flashcards for Psych 1010 Final Exam Review
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
400 Terms
Neuron
The fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information. Includes parts like the cell body, dendrites, axon, and myelin sheath.
Synapse
The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another. Reuptake is the process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron.
Transduction
The process of converting one form of energy into another. In sensation, it's the conversion of stimuli into electrical signals the brain can understand.
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response, eventually causing the neutral stimulus to evoke a similar response.
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
Observational Learning (Bandura)
Learning by observing others; also called social learning.
Structure of Memory
Includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Informational Processing Model
A cognitive approach to understanding how the human mind transforms sensory information.
Memory Reconstruction
The process of assembling information from stored knowledge when a clear and coherent memory of an event is needed.
Decision Making Heuristics
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making, often leading to biases.
Traditional Definition of Intelligence
The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment.
Piaget's Cognitive Stage Theory of Development
A theory that describes cognitive development in terms of distinct stages, each characterized by different ways of thinking and understanding the world (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational).
Pre-natal Development
The process of development from conception to birth, involving significant physical and neurological growth.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
A stage theory of moral development ranging from preconventional morality to conventional morality and finally postconventional morality.
Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory
A theory that explains moral differences based on six moral foundations: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, sanctity/degradation, and liberty/oppression.
Four Components of Motivation
Activation, persistence, intensity, and direction.
Self-Determination Theory
A theory of motivation focusing on autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Arousal Theory (Yerkes-Dodson Law)
Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases.
PTSD
A mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it.
Autonomic Nervous System
The part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestive processes. It has two subsystems: the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).
Psychoanalysis
A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind.
Trait Theories
Approaches to studying personality based on stable and enduring characteristics.
The Five Factor Model
A model of personality traits that includes Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN).
Reciprocal Determinism
The theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.
Attribution Theory
The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
Conformity
Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Social Norms
Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior.
Social Roles
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Depression
A mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
Schizophrenia
A chronic brain disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly.
Anxiety Disorders
A group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear, including panic attacks, panic disorder, and phobias.
Personality Disorder - Narcissism
A mental condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others.