Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (copy)

Gravimetric analysis

is used to determine an unknown element in a precipitate reaction.

Hydrocarbon combustion

: carbon + hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen) is ignited and produces CO2 and water, sometimes other compounds as well depending on the elements present.

Gravimetric analysis

is used to determine an unknown element in a precipitate reaction.

Hydrocarbon combustion

: carbon + hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen) is ignited and produces CO2 and water, sometimes other compounds as well depending on the elements present.

Synthesis reaction

: when elements or simple compounds are combined to form a single, more complex compound.

redox reactions

In , electrons are swapped between reactants and the oxidation states of the reactants are changed.

Decomposition

: opposite of synthesis- occurs usually in the presence of heat.

electronegative element

When oxygen is not present, the most has a state equal to it's most common charge.

Oxidation reduction

(redox): results in change of oxidation state (only for some)

Precipitation

: two aqueous solutions mixing to create a solid precipitate.

Acid base

: when an acid (H+) reacts with a base (OH)- to form water and a salt.

Synthesis reaction

when elements or simple compounds are combined to form a single, more complex compound

alkali metals, ammonium, nitrate

• Compounds with , , and ___ are always soluble.

zero

Any neutral atom not bonded has an oxidation state of ____.

most common charge

a single atom has an oxidation state equal to _

total charge

the oxidation state of a compound is equal to the ____

acid

a compound capable of donating a proton (such as H+)

base

a compound capable of accepting a proton

amphoteric

a compound that is capable of behaving as both an acid and a base (such as water)

H3O3

oxygen typically has a oxidation state of -2, except in _ where it has a oxidation state of -1

+1

when hydrogen is bonded to a nonmetal, it has an oxidation state of ___

-1

when hydrogen is bonded to a metal, it has an oxidation state of ___