________ enters the Krebs cycle, where a little more energy is given off.
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Chemical pathways
________ that need oxygen are called aerobic.
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Krebs cycle
The ________ and electron transport chain are both aerobic.
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Photosynthesis
________ gives off oxygen, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.
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Heterotrophs
Must eat other living things for food
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Autotrophs
Make their own food through photosynthesis
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Fermentation
The process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
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Cells
________ break down food molecules over time, getting a little bit of chemical energy at key steps.
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NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: an electron carrier involved in glycolysis
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Cellular respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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Oxygen
________ is used at the end of the electron transport chain; any time a cell needs more energy, it needs more ________, too.
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chemical process
A(n) ________ that does not need oxygen is called anaerobic.
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NADH
The ________ made during glycolysis can enter the mitochondrion to join the ________ and FADH2 made by the Krebs cycle.
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Mitochondria
The organelles most important in cellular respiration
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Electrons
________ are then passed from all of those carriers to the electron transport chain, which uses them to change ADP into ATP.
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ATP
For quick bursts of energy, the body uses ________ already in muscles and ________ from lactic acid fermentation.
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Krebs cycle
The ________ and electric transport chain take place inside the mitochondria.
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Photosynthesis
________ and cellular respiration can be thought of as opposite processes, as the equations for ________ and cellular respiration are the reverse of each other.
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Glycolysis
________ is an anaerobic process.
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pyruvic acid
Step 2: Enzymes split CO2 off from ________, leaving a 2- carbon molecule, and NADH is produced from NAD.
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cellular respiration
For exercise longer than 90 seconds, the body uses ________.
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Krebs cycle
The ________ takes place within the matrix- the innermost space of the mitochondrion.
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Glycolysis
The first stage of cellular respiration
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Photosynthesis
________ produces food molecules and removes carbon dioxide from the air, and cellular respiration puts it back.
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Cellular respiration
________ gives off carbon dioxide, water, and energy and the process can be summarized like this:
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Krebs cycle
Together, glycolysis, the ________, and the electron transport chain make about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
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Glycolysis
________ does not need oxygen, meaning that ________ can quickly get chemical energy to cells when there is not any oxygen present.
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Krebs cycle
During the ________, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of steps that release chemical energy.
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Energy in food can be measured in units called calories
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
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The Krebs cycle takes place within the matrix
the innermost space of the mitochondrion
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Step 1
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters the mitochondrions matrix
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Step 2
Enzymes split CO2 off from pyruvic acid, leaving a 2-carbon molecule, and NADH is produced from NAD
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Step 3
The 2-carbon-atom molecule joins a 4-carbon-atom molecule to become citric acid
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Step 4
More CO2 and NADH are made as citric acid becomes a 4-carbon-atom molecule
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Step 5
More reactions make high-energy molecules of ATP, FADH2, and NADH
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Step 6
The 4-carbon atom molecule can go through the cycle again
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You have three main sources of ATP
ATP already in muscles, ATP made by lactic acid fermentation, and ATP made by cellular respiration
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Calorie
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
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Krebs cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration
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Electron transport chain
The third stage of cellular respiration
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Aerobic
Chemical pathways that need oxygen are called aerobic
Studied by 36 people
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Flashcard (59)