Yeast CRAM

The Pretenders (6)

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii

Geotrichum spp.

Prototheca wickerhamii

Exophiala jeanselmei

Hortae (Phaeoannellomyces) werneckii

Ustilago spp.

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii Controversy (1)(2)

Two life forms:

Cyst

Intracystic bodies

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii Population

HIV Signal disease

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii Disease (2)

Bilateral pneumonia

Hypoxic, pO2 values low

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii Tests (3)

Can’t grow

Fluorescence test - honeycomb-like structure

Bronchial-alviolar levage (wash)

Pneumocystis (carninii) jirovecii Treatment

T/S

Geotrichum spp. Controversy (1)(1)

Yeast-like MOLD

Grows creamy → fluffy

Geotrichum spp. Disease

Rare blood stream disease in immunocompromised

Geotrichum spp. Morphology

“Hocky stick” reproductive structure

Prototheca wickerhamii Controversy (2)

Algae (Protista)

Looks like yeast and grows on sabaroud

Prototheca wickerhamii disease

Olecranon bursitis (Elbow)

Black yeasts

Exophiala jeanselmei

Hortae (Phaeoannellomyces) werneckii - Black pedra

Ustilago spp. Reservior (2)

Agriculture

“Corn smut fungus”

Ustilago spp. disease

Can be inhaled and cause pneumonia

The Contenders Organisms (10)

Rhodotorula spp.

Sporobolomyces spp.

Malassezia furfur

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Trichosporon spp.

Candida lipolytica

Candida lusitaniae

Candida kefyr

Candida auris

Cryptococcus neoformans

Rhodotorula spp. Disease

Impact on end-stage cancer

Rhodotorula spp. Colony

Coral

Sporobolomyces spp. Population

Immunocompromised patients

Sporobolomyces spp. coloney

Coral

Ballistoconidia

Sporobolomyces spp. Tests

Two plates on top of each other and see if they both grow

Malassezia furfur Population

Neonates

Malassezia furfur Reservoir (3)

Normal flora on some adults

Tinea versicolor (ringworm in feet)

Dandruff

Malassezia furfur Disease (3)

Cradle cap

TPN catheter-related Sepsis

Progress to pnumonea

Malassezia furfur Tests (2)

Blood through TPN catheter

Set up “Olive oil overlay” on Saburoad

Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests (2)

Gram stain

AFB stain

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Morphology

Ascospores

Saccharomyces cerevisiae other name

Bakers yeast

Trichosporon spp. Population (3)

Neutropenic

AIDS

Burn wound victims

Trichosporon spp. Colony

Mold like yeast

“Outie” colony

Trichosporon spp. Tests

Urease +

Trichosporon spp. morphology

Bunny ears

Candida lipolytica morphology (2)

Chain of pseudohyphie

Looks gothic

Candida lusitaniae Suseptability

Resistant to amphotericin

Candida lusitaniae Morphology (2)

“Banana” pseudohyphi

chains of ballistoconidia off of junctions

Candida kefyr Disease

Cause UTI (Not commonly)

Candida kefyr colony

Grows on EMB → Metallic green

Candida kefyr morphology

Streched blastoconidia

“Logs in a stream”

Candida auris susceptibility (3)

R to Azoles

Secondary R to Polyenes

Some can be resistant to all 3

Cryptococcus neoformans Population

HIV Signal disease

Cryptococcus neoformans Reservior

Bird droppings

Cryptococcus neoformans disease (2)

People breathe in = Respiratory problems

HIV Signal disease → Meningitis

Cryptococcus neoformans colony

Mucoid

Cryptococcus neoformans Tests (4)

India ink test

Gram stain “Tinker toys”

Antigen detection

Urease +

The Big Five

Candida krusei

Candida tropicalis

Candida parapsilosis

Candida glabrata

Candida albicans

Candida krusei commonality

Least common

Candida krusei CHROM Agar

Rough pink with a white border

Candida krusei morphology

“Tree like” Ballistoconidia

Candida krusei Fluconazol

Constitutive/ natural fluconazol R

Candida tropicalis commonality

Most virulent

Candida tropicalis population

Leukemia

Candida tropicalis CHROM Agar

Deep blue

Candida parapsilosis Disease (2)

Endocarditis

Blood stream infection

Candida parapsilosis Morphology (2)

Single blastoconidia out of junction

Macaroni-shaped pseudohyphae

Candida glabrata Disease

UTI

Candida glabrata test (2)

Smaller on BA than on EMB!

Metabolize trehalose

Candida glabrata CHROM Agar

Mauve, waxy

Candida glabrata morpholohy 3)

No pseudohyphe

Tiney cells

Micky mouse ears when bud

Candida glabrata Fluconazole

Inducible fluconazole R

Candida albicans Commonality

Most common

Candida albicans Population (4)

Immunocompromised

Indwelling catheter

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

HIV Signal disease

Candida albicans Disease (4)

Thrush = HIV Signal Disease

Vaginitis (Yeast infection)

Candidemia (Bloodstream)

Esophagitis (AIDS)

Candida albicans Tests (2)

Grow on BA star-like projections

Germ tube test +

Candida albicans CHROM Agar

Teal

Candida albicans Morphology

Terminal chlamydoconidia

Candida albicans Reservior (1)(4)

Normal flora

GI tract

Skin

Oral cavity

Vaginal tract (Small #)