HBS EOC

Flexion

A bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts.

Plantar Flexion

Bending the foot downward at the ankle.

Elevation

Raising a body part superiorly.

Extension

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Dorsiflexion

Bending the foot upward at the ankle.

Depression

Lowering a body part.

Supination

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces upwards.

Pronation

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces downwards.

Cellular Communication

The process through which cells use signaling molecules to communicate.

Consequences of Miscommunication

Can lead to diseases or dysfunctions in body systems.

CNS and PNS

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) work together to relay signals and coordinate body functions.

Neuron Structure

Consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites, responsible for transmitting signals.

Factors Affecting Reaction Time

Age, physical fitness, and experience can impact how quickly one reacts to a stimulus.

Endocrine Glands Examples

Thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas.

Exocrine Glands Examples

Salivary glands, sweat glands.

Light Refraction in the Eye

The bending of light rays to focus them on the retina.

Visual Perception

The process of interpreting and understanding visual information.

20/20 VisionDefinition

Normal visual acuity; the ability to see clearly at a distance of 20 feet.

Corrective Lenses

Eyewear that compensates for refractive errors by adjusting the light entering the eye.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy.

Urine Formation Process

Involves filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion in the kidneys.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone that helps regulate water balance by increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build up bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue.

Bone Remodeling

The continuous replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.

Antigen

Substance that prompts an immune response.

Antibody

Proteins produced by the immune system that bind to specific antigens.

Specific Immunity

The immune response targeting specific pathogens.

Lymphocytes

White blood cells involved in the immune response.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions within the body.

Saddle Joint

a type of synovial joint that has a concave and a convex bone end, like a saddle and a rider.

Carpometacarpal of the thumb