HBS EOC

HBS EOC Study Guide -- Essential Questions


Unit 1 


  1. In what ways do different human body systems work together to complete specific functions?


  1. Label the following directional terms on the diagram below. 

                 



  1. Define the following terms: 

Flexion: 

Plantar Flexion: 

Elevation: 

Extension: 

Dorsiflexion: 

Depression

Supination: 

Pronation: 


  1. Main types of tissue in the body and their functions : 

Structure and function of DNA: 


How DNA differs from person to person: 

What role does DNA play in our identity?


Unit 2

Ways communication occurs in the human body: 

Consequences of miscommunication in the body: 


How CNS and PNS work to gether to control the body: 

  1. What are the functions of the main regions of the brain?


  1. What is the basic structure and function of a neuron?

How different types of neurons work together to send and receive signals: 


What factors impact our ability to react to a stimulus: 

How and why reaction times differ in reflex and voluntary actions: 

  2. What are examples of endocrine glands and exocrine glands in the human body?

How is light focused by the eye: 

How do the eye and brain work together to process what we see: 


What is visual perception: 

What does it mean to have 20/20 vision; 

How can corrective lenses be used to refocus light and resolve myopia (nearsided) and hyperopia (far sighted): 


How does an error in the structure or function of the eye relate to disease or dysfunction: 

What are routine tests and procedures in an eye exam: 


Unit 3

  1. What role do the 3 resources play in the human body?

Food 

Oxygen

Water

Function of digestive system: 

How digestive system maintain water balance in body: 


Enzymes in digestion: 

BMI: 


BMR: 

How BMI and BMR help assess healthy diet and weight


health risks for underweight : 


health risks for overweight: 

  1. What is ATP? How is energy released from ATP and used to do work in the body?

How cell respiration works: 

How does O2 we inhale get to all of our cells: 


What happens to the respiratory system during asthma?

Why do we measure lung capacity?

  1. How does the kidney form urine? Remember the steps of urine formation.

  2.  How does ADH and aldosterone affect the nephron and body’s overall water balance: 

ADH: 

Aldosterone:  

What is urinalysis



Unit 4

  1. How are joints classified by both structure and function?

  2. What are the different types of synovial joints? Give an example of each.

Saddle


Ball and socket 

Hinge 

Gliding

condyloid

Pivot



  1. What role do cartilage, tendons, and ligaments play? 

Cartilage: 

Tendons: 

Ligaments: 



  1. What is range of motion? 

What is range of motion: 

Instrument to measure ROM: 

How muscles assist with body movement: 

  1. Fill in this table

Type of Muscle

Striated?

Voluntary/Non-voluntary

Location

Cardiac

Skeletal

Smooth


How are muscles named: 

Role Ca and ATP play in muscle contraction: 


What causes rigor mortis: 

  1. What are the steps of muscle contraction? 

  1. What is a sarcomere?

  1. What is the pathway of blood in and out of the heart? 

  1. What unique features of veins help move blood back to the heart? 

What is cardiac output (CO)

How does Increased and decreased CO impact the body


What is blood pressure?

  1. What is peripheral artery disease?


Unit 5 

  1. What are the functions of skin? 

Functions of skin: 

Types of tissue that make up layers of the skin: 

Role of accessory organs: 





  1. What happens after a cut on the skin occurs? 

  1. Which layers of the skin are damaged in 1st degree, 2nd degree and 3rd degree burns? 

How does the body interpret and process pain: 

Why is not feeling pain dangerous?

  1. How does the structure of compact bone differ from the structure of spongy bone?

  1. What are the different types of bone fractures and how are they identified on X-rays?

















What is bone remodeling: 

Role of Osteoblasts: 


Role of osteoclasts: 

Relationship between bone remodeling and blood CA levels

How hormones assist in maintenance of healthy bone and release of CA to be used in other body processes 



  1. What are the four main stages of healing that occur after a bone fracture?  

  1. What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 


Function of lymphatic system: 

Antigen: ‘


Antibody: 

Specific Immunity: 


Role of lymphocytes in specific immunity: 


how body reacts a second time it is exposed to a particular antigen: 


Unit 6 

  1. What happens to the body if the systems are unable to maintain homeostasis?