Pharynx, Larynx, Disarticulation of Head

Flashcards created for review of the laryngeal and pharyngeal anatomy, functions, and processes related to respiration and swallowing.

What is the function of the larynx?

produce tone for vocalization

regulates intra-abdominal pressure

What is the sensory innervation of the larynx?

internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior)

What is the motor innervation of the larynx?

recurrent laryngeal nerve → inferior laryngeal nerve

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

external laryngeal nerve

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

thyroid

cricoid

epiglottis

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

arytenoid

corniculate

cuneiform

What are the joints of the larynx?

cricothyoid

cricoarytenoid

arytenocoriculate

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx?

thyrohyoid

cricotracheal

thyroepiglottic

cricothyroid

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx?

cricovocal

vocal

quadrangular

vestibular

What are the borders of the laryngeal inlet?

epiglottis (anterior)

interarytenoid fold (posterior)

aryepiglottic fold (lateral)

What muscle(s) elevate the larynx?

thyrohyoid

mylohyoid

What muscle(s) depress the larynx?

strenothyrohyoid

sternohyoid

What muscle(s) open the laryngeal inlet?

thyroepiglotticus

What muscle(s) close the laryngeal inlet?

aryepiglotticus

What muscle(s) adduct the vocal cords?

lateral cricoarytenoid

transverse and oblique arytenoids

What muscle(s) abduct the vocal cords?

posterior cricoarytenoid

What muscle(s) tense the vocal cords?

cricothyroid

vocalis

What muscle(s) relax the vocal cords?

thyroarytenoid

What is the shape of the intermembranous part of the vocal cord, intercartilaginous part of the vocal cord, and the rima glottidis during quiet breathing?

intermembranous- triangular

intercartilaginous- rectangular

rima glottidis- pentagonal

What is the shape of the intermembranous part of the vocal cord, intercartilaginous part of the vocal cord, and the rima glottidis during full inspiration?

intermembranous- triangular

intercartilaginous- triangular

rima glottidis- wide diamond

What is the shape of the intermembranous part of the vocal cord, intercartilaginous part of the vocal cord, and the rima glottidis during high pitched voice?

intermembranous- rectangular

intercartilaginous- rectangular

rima glottidis- narrow rectangle

What is the shape of the intermembranous part of the vocal cord, intercartilaginous part of the vocal cord, and the rima glottidis during whispering?

intermembranous- closed

intercartilaginous- wide triangle

rima glottidis- inverted funnel shape

What are characteristics of the nasopharynx?

nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

tubal tonsil

pharyngeal recess

salpingopharyngeal and salpingopalatine folds

What are characteristics of the oropharynx?

palatine tonsil

palatoglossal arch

palatopharyngeal arch

lingual tonsils

glossoepiglottic folds

valleculae

What are characteristics of the laryngopharynx?

laryngeal inlet

pyriform fossa

aryepiglottic folds

What is deglutition?

swallowing

What is the first step of deglutition?

voluntary

bolus compressed against palate and pushed into oropharynx by tongue and soft palate

What is the second step of deglutition?

involuntary and rapid

nasopharynx sealed off by elevation of soft palate

pharynx widens and shortens to receive food bolus

What is the third step of deglutition?

involuntary

peristalsis

How is aspiration prevented?

epiglottis seals over laryngeal inlet

What muscle(s) constrict the pharynx during swallowing?

superior pharyngeal constrictor

middle pharyngeal constrictor

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

What muscle(s) elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking?

palatopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

stylopharyngeus

What is the innervation of all laryngeal muscles except the stylopharyngeus?

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus?

glossopharyngeal nerve

What forms the pharyngeal lymphatic ring?

pharyngeal tonsils

tubal tonsils

palatine tonsils

lingual tonsils