Physics - Radiation
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40 Terms
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What is radiation emitted by
Unstable nuclei
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Why do nuclei emit radiation
to reduce their energy and become more stable
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How many types of radiation are there
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Name the three types of radiation
alpha, beta, gamma
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Alpha charge
Positive/2+
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Gamma charge
0/neutral
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Beta charge
1-/negative
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Alpha mass
Largest out of the three
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Beta mass
In the middle, much smaller than alpha
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Gamma mass
No mass
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Alpha range
few cm (5)
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Beta range in air
20-30cm
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Gamma range in air
infinite
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Alpha radiation
2 protons and 2 neutrons (Helium nucleus)
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Beta radiation
high energy fast moving electron
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Gamma radiation
Electromagnetic wave
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Alpha blocked by
Paper or a few cm of air
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Beta blocked by
few mm aluminium
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Gamma blocked by
few cm lead
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Activity
The amount of nuclear decays per second
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Activity unit
Becquerels (Bq)
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Activity equation
A=N/t
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Background radiation
Radiation present in everyday situations
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Sources of background radiation
radon gas from the ground, food and drink, buildings, cosmic rays, medical and nuclear power-plants
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Half life
length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay\`
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Absorbed does
D=Energy/Mass
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Absorbed does unit
Grays Gy
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Equivalent does
D x weighting factor
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Equivalent unit
Sv
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Equivalent does rate
Amount fo ed absorbed each second
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EDR equation
H. = H/t
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Uses of radiation
smoke detectors, thickness control, sterilising, radioactive dating, radioactive tracers, checking welds, and cancer treatment
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Nuclear fission
A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
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Chain reaction
A series of reactions in which the product or by-product of the reaction initiates further reaction.
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Nuclear fusion
a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.
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Average background radiation fo public
2\.2 MSV
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EDR unit
Sv/s
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Effective does limit for piblic
1 mSv
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effective does limit for radiatino worker
20mSv
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what is ionisation
the addition or removal of one or more electrons from an atom turning it into an ion with a positive or negative charge.