HLTA0H3 FINAL EXAM PT 2

Research Paradigm

Reflects one's belief about what constitutes knowledge and how knowledge should be generated.

Epistemology

Branch of philosophy concerned with nature and definition of knowledge and truth, defining types of data considered 'valid' or 'useful'.

Positivism

A part of epistemology that relies on scientific processes based on observation and measurement.

Interpretivism

A part of epistemology that generates subjective understandings and focuses on meaning rather than measurement.

Ontology

Branch of philosophy focused on the nature of reality, asserting that some aspects of reality exist independently of our perceptions.

Objectivism

Apart of ontology belief that an external reality exists independently of observation.

Constructivism

Apart of ontology Belief that reality is socially constructed.

Methodology

Branch of Philosophy focused on the approach to data collection and analysis in research.

Quantitative

A methodological approach that relies on numeric data and analysis.

Qualitative

A methodological approach that relies on open-ended questions to explore meanings and experiences.

Randomised Control Trial

A study designed to evaluate therapeutic effects by controlling who receives treatment or alternative exposure.

Cohort Study

Study where individuals are sampled based on disease status and exposure, followed over time.

Case-Control Study

Study design where cases from specific populations are matched with controls based on characteristics like age or sex.

Cross-sectional Study

A study that samples a population and measures disease status at a single point in time.

Statistics

The study of using statistical principles to understand data.

Data

Numbers that represent features of something being measured.

Measurement

The process of assigning numbers to represent characteristics of objects or phenomena.

Nominal Measurement

Measurement where numbers represent labels for categories.

Ordinal Measurement

category of things that can be measured (smaller, larger, before or after)

Interval Measurement

Measurement where categories are equally spaced and can be grouped accordingly.

P-value

Probability of observing data if the null hypothesis is true.

Naturalistic Research

Qualitative research conducted in a natural environment, as opposed to a laboratory setting.

Ethnography

Qualitative research method focused on exploring cultural contexts.

Autoethnography

Links personal experiences to cultural narratives through self-narrative.

Phenomenology

Qualitative approach that explores and analyzes 'lived experiences' to gain insight into everyday phenomena.

Grounded Theory

Developing theories based on collected data

Convenience Sampling

Sampling based on availability of participants.

Theoretical Sampling

Sampling based on the emerging theoretical framework.

Rigour in Qualitative Research

The practice of maintaining thorough documentation of research decisions and processes.

Reflexivity in Research

Examining one's own position and biography to understand analytic influences.

Prolonged Engagement

Investing extended time in the research field to deepen understanding.

Ethics in Healthcare

The systematic examination of right and wrong in the context of healthcare practice and research.

Conflict of Interest

A situation where research team members might receive personal benefits from the research outcomes.

Collaborative Decision Making

Community involvement in decision-making processes related to research projects.

Two parts of Epistomology

Positivism - scientific processes based on observation and measurement]

Interpretivism - generates subjective understandings, not measurements but meaning

Two parts of Ontology

Objectivism - External reality exists independently of observation

Constructivism - believes that reality is socially constructed and subject to individual perception

what physiological and neurological influence pain intensity ?