Unit 5- Absolutism and Constitutionalism (1589-1725)

17th century crisis, and the reaction

lack of food leads to falling population, a moral economy, national give up expand borders and become more efficient

Henry IV

became king as protestant but converts, issued edict of nantes for religious tolerance

Cardinal richelieu goals, dangers, and solutions

goals: make bourbons supreme in france and france supreme in europe

dangers: huguenots independent cities, nobles have too much power, and the habsburg a

solutions: attack la rochelle, knock down noble castles, create intendants to undercut nobility, fight habsburg by helping protestants in 30 years war

Louis XIV

amazing absolutist leader, controlled the nobles, introduced mercantilism, revoked edict of nantes and huguenots flee, fights war of spanish succession

James I

wanted absolute power, made anglican bible, had large royal debt, was absolutist, and didn’t follow in acoordance with parliament

Charles I and the english civil war

the war is royalists vs parliamentarians, cromwell leads parliamentary army, cromwell purges house of commons or moderates, and starts the interregnum

the interregnum

parliament and cromwell are in charge. dissolved and forms protectorate, pro catholic, and a military dictatorship

Charles II

merry monarch, restores theaters closed during protectorate, avoids revolution

James II

provokes glorious revolution, extends religious toleration, james daughter is offered throne, english bill of rights passed settles all problems

austrian and prussian absolutism

serfdom returns, habsburg in ruins after 30 years war, and focus on unifying their region and a strong army, taking bohemia, but hungary resists it. for prussia fredrick william persuades junkers to fund a huge army if they could have control over serfs.

Ivan’s in russia

ivan the great ended mongol rule, terrible had territory expansions and had an autocracy

Peter the Great

expanded a lot of territory, had controversial reforms, made saint petersburg, was a diplomat, beats sweden in great northern war, westernized russia,

the ottoman empire

thrived, but their old army technology harmed them,