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17th century crisis, and the reaction
lack of food leads to falling population, a moral economy, national give up expand borders and become more efficient
Henry IV
became king as protestant but converts, issued edict of nantes for religious tolerance
Cardinal richelieu goals, dangers, and solutions
goals: make bourbons supreme in france and france supreme in europe
dangers: huguenots independent cities, nobles have too much power, and the habsburg a
solutions: attack la rochelle, knock down noble castles, create intendants to undercut nobility, fight habsburg by helping protestants in 30 years war
Louis XIV
amazing absolutist leader, controlled the nobles, introduced mercantilism, revoked edict of nantes and huguenots flee, fights war of spanish succession
James I
wanted absolute power, made anglican bible, had large royal debt, was absolutist, and didn’t follow in acoordance with parliament
Charles I and the english civil war
the war is royalists vs parliamentarians, cromwell leads parliamentary army, cromwell purges house of commons or moderates, and starts the interregnum
the interregnum
parliament and cromwell are in charge. dissolved and forms protectorate, pro catholic, and a military dictatorship
Charles II
merry monarch, restores theaters closed during protectorate, avoids revolution
James II
provokes glorious revolution, extends religious toleration, james daughter is offered throne, english bill of rights passed settles all problems
austrian and prussian absolutism
serfdom returns, habsburg in ruins after 30 years war, and focus on unifying their region and a strong army, taking bohemia, but hungary resists it. for prussia fredrick william persuades junkers to fund a huge army if they could have control over serfs.
Ivan’s in russia
ivan the great ended mongol rule, terrible had territory expansions and had an autocracy
Peter the Great
expanded a lot of territory, had controversial reforms, made saint petersburg, was a diplomat, beats sweden in great northern war, westernized russia,
the ottoman empire
thrived, but their old army technology harmed them,
