AP World 18- InterWar Period

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering important vocabulary and concepts related to 20th-century history.

Hyperinflation

An extremely rapid or out of control inflation.

Consumerism

The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

Protectionism

The economic policy of restricting imports to protect domestic industries.

Black Thursday

The stock market crash in October 1929 that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s.

Welfare State

A government that assumes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens by providing social services.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The 32nd President of the United States who led the country through the Great Depression.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.

John Maynard Keynes

An economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics.

Deficit Spending

Government practice of spending more money than it receives in revenue.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

An Act that raised U.S. tariffs on many imported goods.

Fascism

A political ideology that exalts nation and often race above the individual.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of Nazi Germany who rose to power before World War II.

Benito Mussolini

An Italian dictator and leader of the National Fascist Party.

Corporatism

An economic and political system in which groups are represented in the governance of the state.

Il Duce

Title meaning 'The Leader' used for Benito Mussolini.

Blackshirts

Paramilitary groups created by Mussolini to support the Fascist Party.

Fransisco Franco

The Spanish general who led the Nationalists to victory in the Spanish Civil War.

Spanish Civil War

A conflict from 1936 to 1939 between Republicans and Nationalists in Spain.

Popular Front

A coalition of leftist parties aimed at opposing fascism.

Guernica

A town in Spain that was bombed during the Spanish Civil War, famously depicted in a painting by Picasso.

Basque Region

An autonomous community in northern Spain known for its distinct culture.

Hideki Tojo

Japanese general and politician who was prime minister during much of World War II.

Emperor Hirohito

The Emperor of Japan during World War II.

Rape of Nanking

A period of mass murder and rape by Japanese troops in the city of Nanjing during World War II.

National Socialist Party

The political group led by Adolf Hitler that implemented fascist policies in Germany.

Gestapo

The secret police of Nazi Germany known for their brutal tactics.

Propaganda

Information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause.

Third Reich

The third German empire founded by Adolf Hitler, characterized by totalitarian rule.

Luftwaffe

The aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.

Lebensraum

A German term meaning 'living space,' used to justify territorial expansion.

Sudetenland

An ethnically German region of Czechoslovakia that was annexed by Germany.

Mein Kampf

A book written by Adolf Hitler outlining his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Appeasement

The policy of making concessions to dictatorial powers to avoid conflict.

Neville Chamberlain

The British Prime Minister who is known for his policy of appeasement towards Hitler.

Eduard Daladier

The French premier who signed the Munich Agreement with Hitler.

Anschluss

The annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.

Munich Agreement

A settlement reached in 1938 that allowed Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia.

Nuremberg Laws

Racial laws in Nazi Germany that outlawed marriages between Jews and non-Jews.

Ghettos

Sections of cities where Jews were forced to live during the Nazi regime.

Kristallnacht

A pogrom against Jews in Nazi Germany on November 9–10, 1938.

Collectivization

The policy of consolidating individual landholdings into collective farms.

Joseph Stalin

The totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to 1953 who oversaw rapid industrialization and political purges.

Totalitarianism

A form of government with total control over public and private life, prohibiting all opposition.

5-Year Plan

Economic initiatives in the Soviet Union (started 1928) focused on rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization through strict production quotas and government control of resources.

Gulag

The system of forced labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union (USSR) from approximately 1930 to 1955. It was used for the imprisonment of political dissidents and criminals, often characterized by brutal conditions and heavy labor