medterm ch 8

-lithiasis

presence of stones

-phagia

eating, swallowing

abd

abdomen

append/o

appendix

cec/o

cecum, pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen(end of ileum to beginning of colon)

chol/e

bile

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

col/o

large intestine, colon

duoden/o

duodenum, first portion of small intestine

-emesis

vomiting

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach, belly

GI

gastrointestinal

gloss/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

inguinal hernia

condition where part of the stomach protrude upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

ile/o

ileum, last portion of small intestine

jejun/o

jejunum, middle portion of small intestine

lapar/o

abdomen, abdominal wall

lingu/o

tongue

NG

nasogastric

NPO

nothing by mouth

pancreat/o

pancreas

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

PO, p.o.

by mouth,orally

proct/o

anus and rectum

rect/o

rectum

anus

the opening at the end of the digestive system from which feces exit the body

appendix

a small sac located near the start of the large intestine

esophagus

the long tube between the mouth and stomach. It uses rhythmic movements (peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach

gall bladder

a small sac-like organ located by the duodenum. It stores and releases bile (a digestive chemical which is produced by the liver) into the small intestine.

large intestine

the long, wide tube that food goes through after it goes through the small intestine

liver

a large organ located above and in front of the stomach. It filters toxins from the blood, and makes bile (which breaks down fats)

mouth

1st part of the digestive system, where food enters the body.

pancreas

enzyme-producing gland located below the stomach and above the intestines.

rectum

the lower part of the large intestine, where feces as stored before they are excreted from the body.

small intestine

the long thin winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the stomach

stomach

a sack-like muscular organ that is attached to the esophagus. Food is churned in an acid bath.

bolus

a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

-megaly

enlargement

-stomy

surgical creation of an artificial opening

mastication

process of chewing food.

emulsification

breakdown of fat

hiatal hernia

portion of the stomach that protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

peristalsis

wave-like contractions of smooth muscle that moves food through the digestive system.

an/o

anus, ring

-pepsia

digest, digestion

cecum

a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen. It extends from the end of the ileum to the beginning of the colon

duodenum

first portion of the small intestine. Extends from the pylorus to the jejunum

jejunum

middle portion of the small intestine. Extends from the duodenum to the ileum

ileum

last and longest portion of the small intestine. Extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine

or/o

mouth, oral cavity

stomat/o

mouth, oral cavity

dent/o

tooth, teeth

hernia

a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it -often involving the intestine at a weak point in the abdominal wall

rugae

ridges & folds in the mucosa lining

pylorus

the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

feces

stools, solid wastes expelled through the rectum and anus

halitosis

bad breath

regurgitation

return of solid food from the stomach

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

SBO

small bowel obstruction

abdomin/o

abdomen

bil/o

bile, gall

cirrh/o

orange-yellow

cyst/o

cyst; fluid sac; bladder

gingiv/o

gums

gluc/o

sugar; glucose

hemat/o

blood

inguin/o

groin

jaund/o

yellow

labi/o

lip

lith/o

stone; calculus

odont/o

tooth

peritone/o

peritoneum (membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs)

phag/o

swallow; eat; engulf

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon; sigmoid

splen/o

spleen

a-, an-

not; without

de-

lack of; down; less; removal of

dia-

through; complete

dys-

difficult; painful

endo-

in; within

epi-

on; over; upon

peri-

around; surrounding

post-

after; behind

pre-

before; in front of

sub-

below; under

ultra-

beyond; excess

-ase

enzyme

-ation

process; condition

-chezia

defecation; elimination of waste

-clysis

irrigation; washing

-ectomy

surgical removal

-gen

substance that produces

-ia

condition

-iasis

abnormal condition

-itis

inflammation