PSYC 110 Final

Personality disorders, psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, and sex disorders

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by binge-eating followed by inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain, such as laxatives or vomiting

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by the over-control of eating behavior and relentless pursuit of thinness;

restricting subtype

a subtype of anorexia nervosa that limits caloric intake via diet and fasting; dieting to an extreme

binge-eating-purging subtype

a subtype of anorexia nervosa where one eats large amounts of food in a short time followed by vomiting or using laxatives or diuretics to get rid of what was consumed

Maudsley Family-Based Treatment

a family therapy for the treatment of anorexia nervosa that consists of 3 phases; considered controversial as it can strain family relationships

weight gain

What is Phase 1 of Maudsley Family-Based Treatment?

kid gets control

What is Phase 2 of Maudsley Family-Based Treatment?

family therapy

What is Phase 3 of Maudsley Family-Based Treatment?

depressants

drugs that slow the activity of vital organs of the body, such as the CNS; examples include alcohol, sedatives, and anxiolytic drugs

stimulants

drugs that excite any bodily function, especially within the brain and CNS; examples include cocaine and nicotine

opioids

drugs that act as pain relievers; examples include heroin, morphine, and codeine

hallucinogens

drugs that alter sensory perception; examples include marijuana and LSD

inhalants

substances found in volatile solvents that are breathed directly into the lungs; examples include spray paint, paint thinner, and gasoline

positive

_____ symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions or hallucinations (mostly auditory).

negative

_____ symptoms of schizophrenia include apathy, alogia (absence of speech), or anhedonia (lack of interest).

Delusional Disorder

a disorder characterized by the presence of one or more delusions lasting a month or longer

delusions

a false fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

erotomanic

delusions that another person is in love with you

grandiose

delusions of having some great (but unrecognized) talent or insight

jealous

delusions that your partner is being unfaithful

persecutory

delusions that you’re being conspired against/someone’s out to get you

somatic

delusions that involve bodily functions or sensations

premorbid

not an official stage of schizophrenia/psychotic disorders; normal level of functioning

prodromal

the first stage of schizophrenia/psychotic disorders; clear deterioration in previous level of functioning prior to a psychotic episode

active

the second stage of schizophrenia/psychotic disorders; presence of psychotic behaviors/symptoms

residual

the third/final stage of schizophrenia/psychotic disorders; gradual improvement in functioning (expected return to prodromal stage)

Cluster A

for personality disorders, refers to odd or eccentric behavior; examples include paranoid PD, schizoid PD, schizotypal PD

Cluster B

for personality disorders, refers to dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors; examples include borderline PD, histrionic PD, narcissistic PD, and antisocial PD

Cluster C

for personality disorders, refers to anxious or fearful behaviors; examples include avoidant PD, dependent PD, and obsessive-compulsive PD

expressed emotion

a measure of the family environment that is based on how the relatives of a psychiatric patient spontaneously talk about the patient

FALSE

T/F: High EE (Expressed Emotion) causes schizophrenia.

schizophrenogenic mother

a family-based theory that a mother being cold to her children causes them to have schizophrenia; no research data that supports this

Bateson’s Double-bind hypothesis

states that a parent sending two conflicting messages simultaneously (ex: offering a hug and then becoming stiff/unreceiving) causes their child to develop schizophrenia; research does NOT support this theory

diathesis-stress model

suggests that people are born with a genetic/biological vulnerability to schizophrenia; environmental events would trigger the expression of the disorder

Schizophrenia

a disorder where psychotic symptoms last for more than 6 months

Schizophreniform Disorder

a disorder where psychotic symptoms last between 1-6 months

Brief Psychotic Disorder

a disorder where psychotic symptoms last less than a month

Schizoaffective Disorder

a disorder characterized by a combination of both schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms

tolerance

a person’s diminished response to a drug that resulting from repeated use

withdrawal

symptoms such as anxiety, tremors, nausea, and hallucinations brought on by the sudden stoppage of drug use

intoxication

a state in which a person has consumed enough alcohol or drugs that their mood and physical and mental abilities are noticeably affected

substance use

taking moderate amounts of a substance in a way that doesn’t interfere with functioning

substance abuse

using a substance in a way that is dangerous or causes substantial impairment (such as affecting work or relationships)

analgesics

another word for painkillers

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

for men, a disorder characterized by little to no interest in any type of sexual activity; masturbation, sexual fantasies, and intercourse are rare

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

for women, a disorder characterized by a lack of or significantly-reduced sexual interest or arousal

Female Orgasmic Disorder

for women, a disorder characterized by a marked delay, absence, or decreased intensity of orgasms in almost all sexual encounters

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

for women, a disorder characterized by difficulty with vaginal penetration during intercourse

Premature Ejaculation

for men, ejaculation occurring within a minute of penetration and before it is desired

Erectile Disorder

for men, difficulty obtaining and/or maintaining an erection despite intact sexual desire

performance anxiety

particularly for men, a pressure to perform sexual intercourse “well”

sensate focus

a technique that helps people train focus on physical sensations (ex: nonsexual touch, cuddling, etc.) to lower performance anxiety

strain gauge

a small cuff that wraps around the penis, measuring the speed and strength of one’s erection

squeeze technique

a technique where the base of the erection is squeezed to eventually prolong how long the erection lasts without an orgasm

spectatoring

a person focusing on themselves from a third person perspective during sexual activity, rather than focusing on their sensations and sexual partner

fetish

a material object or nonsexual part of the body that arouses sexual interest or excitement

paraphilia

misplaced sexual attraction and arousal of inappropriate people, objects, or situations

Fetishistic Disorder

a disorder characterized by sexual attraction to nonhuman objects; objects can be inanimate and/or tactile

Voyeuristic Disorder

a disorder characterized by observing an unsuspecting individual undressing, naked, or engaged in sexual activity

Exhibitionistic Disorder

a disorder characterized by the exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers; element of thrill and risk is necessary for arousal

Frotteuristic Disorder

a disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of seeking sexual gratification from rubbing up against unwilling others; common situations include inside crowded elevators or subways

Transvestic Disorder

a disorder characterized by sexual arousal with the act of cross-dressing; only considered a disorder if it causes significant distress or impairment

Sexual Sadism Disorder

a disorder characterized by inflicting pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification

Sexual Masochism Disorder

a disorder characterized by suffering pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification

Pedophilic Disorder

a disorder characterized by a sexual attraction to prepubescent children

40%

According to the study mentioned in class, what percentage of men had some difficulty with erection/ejaculation?

63%

According to the study mentioned in class, what percentage of women had problems with arousal/orgasm?

Gender Dysphoria

the feeling of discomfort or distress that might occur in people whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth

Paranoid Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others being untrustworthy or conspirational

Schizoid Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a lack of interest in close social relationships, secretiveness, emotional coldness, detachment, and apathy

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a reduced capacity for close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior

Histrionic Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a pattern of grandiosity and self-importance, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Antisocial Personality Disorder

formerly known as sociopathy or psychopathy, a disorder characterized by a pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others, manipulative/exploitative behavior, and dishonesty

Borderline Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by an unstable perception of interpersonal relationships and self-image, impulsivity, and frantic efforts to avoid abandonment

dialectical behavioral therapy

also known as DBT, a type of therapy originating from CBT meant to help individuals who have difficulty with emotional regulation, or are exhibiting self-destructive behaviors

Avoidant Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation; “pathological shyness”

Dependent Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviors in fear of separation

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control

TRUE

T/F: Schizophrenic individuals tend to be less violent than the general population.