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Freedmen’s Bureau

An organization helping newly freed African Americans with jobs, housing, medical needs, and education.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Legislation that repealed the Missouri Compromise and created two territories with popular sovereignty.

Black Codes

Laws that restricted the rights of freed African Americans in the South.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863, which freed slaves in rebellious states.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement that set slavery boundaries in the US, prohibiting slavery above the 36°30' line except in Missouri.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States during the Civil War.

John Wilkes Booth

The individual who assassinated President Lincoln five days after the Civil War ended.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union Army General during the Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln

The 16th President of the United States who led the nation during the Civil War.

Robert E. Lee

A prominent Confederate General during the Civil War.

13th Amendment

The amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

The amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US.

15th Amendment

The amendment that guaranteed African American males the right to vote.

Impact of Black Codes

They restricted voting, jury service, and employment options while enforcing labor under conditions of slavery.

Sharecropping Cycle

A system allowing families to rent land, paying with a share of the harvest, leading to poverty and debt.

Impact of "Uncle Tom’s Cabin"

The book widened the North-South gap, strengthened abolitionism, and aided the women's rights movement.

Causes of the Civil War

Mainly slavery, states' rights, and sectionalism.

Effect of the Civil War

The end of slavery in the United States.

Purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation

To free slaves in rebel states, although many states ignored it.

Effects of Lincoln’s Assassination

Delayed peaceful resolution during the Reconstruction era.

Communication Issues in Texas post-war

Slow communication delayed the emancipation of enslaved people.

Economic Reliance of the South

Primarily on cotton and agriculture.

Economic Reliance of the North

Focused on factories and industrial development.

Advantages of the North

Industrial strength, organized banking, and a larger navy.

Disadvantages of the North

Unfamiliar territory and challenges with offensive fighting.

Advantages of the South

Homefield advantage and strong military leadership.

Disadvantages of the South

Fewer resources and an inexperienced government.

Chronology of Key Events leading to Civil War

Lincoln elected president, South Carolina seceded, Confederate States formed, Battle of Fort Sumter, Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln assassinated, Confederate surrender, 13th Amendment ratified.

Issues Causing Union-Confederacy Tension

Included slavery, states' rights, the Dred Scott Decision, secession, tariff disputes, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.