7

Era 7: Texas in the Civil War & Reconstruction Eras Summative Review

Key Terms/Events/People

• Freedmen’s Bureau: Organization helping newly freed African Americans with jobs, housing, medical needs, education.

• Kansas-Nebraska Act: Repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two territories with popular sovereignty.

• Black Codes: Laws restricting rights of freed African Americans in the South.

• Emancipation Proclamation: Issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing slaves in rebellious states.

• Missouri Compromise: (1820) Set slavery boundaries in the US; above 36°30' line prohibited slavery except Missouri.

• Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States.

• John Wilkes Booth: Assassinated Lincoln five days after the Civil War.

• Ulysses S. Grant: Union Army General during the Civil War.

• Abraham Lincoln: 16th President, led the nation during the Civil War.

• Robert E. Lee: Confederate General.

Amendments

• 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery.

• 14th Amendment: Granted citizenship to all born or naturalized in the US.

• 15th Amendment: Guaranteed African American males the right to vote.

Impact of Black Codes

• Restricted voting, jury service, employment options; enforced labor under conditions of slavery.

Sharecropping Cycle

• System allowing families to rent land and pay with a share of the harvest, resulting in poverty and debt.

Impact of "Uncle Tom’s Cabin"

• Widened North-South gap, strengthened abolitionism, aided women's rights movement.

Causes and Effects of the Civil War

• Causes: Slavery, states’ rights, sectionalism.

• Effect: End of slavery.

Emancipation Proclamation Purpose

• Free slaves in rebel states; many states ignored it.

Effects of Lincoln’s Assassination

• Delayed peaceful resolution during Reconstruction.

Communication Issues in Texas

• Slow communication delayed emancipation of enslaved people post-war.

Economic Reliance

• South: Cotton and agriculture.

• North: Factory and industry.

Advantages/Disadvantages of North vs. South

• North: Industrial strength, organized banking, larger navy vs. unfamiliar territory and offensive fighting challenges.

• South: Homefield advantage, strong military leadership vs. fewer resources and inexperienced government.

Chronology of Key Events

1. Lincoln elected U.S. President

2. South Carolina seceded

3. Confederate States formed

4. Battle of Fort Sumter

5. Emancipation Proclamation

6. Lincoln Assassinated

7. Confederate Surrender

8. 13th Amendment ratified

Issues Causing Union-Confederacy Tension

• Slavery, states' rights, Dred Scott Decision, secession, tariff disputes, Kansas-Nebraska Act.