Families Unit 2

HH Goddard

________ believed that intelligence & feeble mindedness were hereditary.

Amygdala

________ (aggression /emotion centre)- use of aggression as a bonding mechanism.

huge academic success

Model minority stereotype- asian communities in NA have achieved ________ by working hard & following asian cultural norms- asians have made it & no longer face barriers.

individual achievement

I- "self promotion & self proficiency- emphasis on ________ & competition- direct & honest speech is valued- skills emphasized in north american school system.

Transition

________ in Canada is gradual and illogically structured.

newborn female

Injecting androgens into ________ animals causes- more aggressive play- male sexual behaviour- reduction in maternal caregiving.

Anthropologist Charles Arnold Van Gennep

________ studied the cross cultural similarities and found patterns.

Youth Movement

________- less respect for adulthood- people want to stay young as long as possible.

Roles & Expectations of adulthood are clearly revealed by elders

gestation period

identity confusion

options not explored and no commitment

identity foreclosure

commitment without exploration

identity moratorium

exploring without commitment

identity achievement

commitment based on exploration

Emerging Adulthood

Jeffrey Arnett

immigrant pop is highly educated but underemployed due to discrimination

employers do not recognize foreign credentials

2/3 of kids give into temptation

1/3 delay gratification those kids have better academic performance, relationships, weight, & less substance abuse in adulthood

smart people arent always gritty

give up too quickly

Intergenerational Mobility

social movement is experienced by family members from one gen to the next through education, inheritance

Intragenerational Mobility

movement of individuals within their own lifetime through education & promotion

good when movement is possible

bad when movement up or down is impossible

lower income families are more likely to live in a food desert

low income neighbourhoods are less likely to have full service grocery stores

marginally food insecure

worrying you will run out of food before you can buy more

moderately food insecure

compromising on size/quality of your food

severely food insecure

skipping meals or spending days without eating

Noble savage & magical negro

stock characters who use their otherness to help white protagonist

there would be 50% more babies with arabic names in France from 2003

2007 if there was not an economic penalty associated with them

Biological Sex

includes external genitalia, internal reproductive structures,chromosomes, hormone levels, & secondary sex characteristics such as breasts, facial/body hair, & fat distribution

Sexual Orientation

a term for the emotional, physical, romantic, sexual & spiritual attraction, desire or affection for another person

Gender Identity

linked to a persons sense of self as male, female, or non binary

Gender expression

the way a person expresses their gender identity through their appearance, dress, behaviour

20% of trans people in ontario have experienced physical/sexual assault

34% verbal threats or harassment

Segregation

initiates undergo rituals meant to strip them of their former childhood identities and separate them from their previous social status - moving to a new location, stripped of clothing & hair, body modification - symbolic death

Liminal State

initiates are transitioning to a new social status - socially ambiguous - vulnerable & dangerous - undergo ordeals - exposed to elements, deprived of sleep, forced to labour, periods of introspection. After these events the secrets of adulthood are revealed through sacred stories
Roles & Expectations of adulthood are clearly revealed by elders - gestation period

Reintegration

adult status has been achieved - initiates re-emerge and are welcomed by community as adults - new adult roles must be assumed - participation in the hunt - arranged marriages - parental home is off limits - rebirth into a new social role

The Permakid Phenomenon

individuals in industrialized societies reach sexual maturity but cannot participate in adult society because -more education is needed to compete for scarce jobs - high cost of education - increased dependence on parents - lack of means to raise a family

Birth - 1 year:

Trust vs Mistrust - development of trust requires nurturing caregiver - learning to trust results in comfort & minimal fear - mistrust develops when infants are neglected - leads to fearfulness

1 - 3 years:

Autonomy vs Doubt - toddlers use new mental & motor skills to gain independence - if they are restrained/punished too much they develop a sense of shame & doubt

3-5 years:

Initiative vs Guilt - adults expect children to become more responsible for taking care of themselves - developing sense of responsibility increases initiative - guilt results if children are irresponsible or made to feel anxious

6 - 12 years:

Industry vs Inferiority - children start school and work at knowledge & intellectual skills - failure can make kids feel inferior and incompetence

13 - 20 years

Identity vs Identity Confusion - teens are confronted with new roles & adult expectations - must explore different paths to achieve a healthy identity

Young Adulthood

Intimacy vs Isolation - form positive close relationships or remain isolated from others

Mid Adulthood:

Generativity vs Stagnation - transmit something positive to the next generation - or feel as though they have done nothing

Old age

Integrity vs Despair - individuals evaluate their lives - either feel it was worth living (integrity) or not (despair)

Emerging Adulthood -Jeffrey Arnett

20s are a distinct life stage called emerging adulthood - in erikson’s model this stage would fit between adolescence & young adulthood - stage involves identity exploration, instability, self focus, feeling in between, and a sense of possibilities

Individualistic Cultures

“I” - self promotion & self sufficient - emphasis on individual achievement & competition - direct & honest speech is valued

Collectivistic Cultures

“We” - identity from group membership - emphasis on duty, obligation to family, group achievement, & harmony - indirect speech to maintain group harmony - communication apprehensive - anxiety about speaking in public because it draws attention to the self

Stratified Societies

unequal distribution of power - experiences & opportunities are defined by which social class they belong to

Closed systems

strict/rigid boundaries between social positions

Ascribed status

social status is assigned at birth - not based on personal qualities or skills - determines occupation, marriage & social life - not merit based - royalty, slavery, caste system

Open systems

flexible & influenced by achieved status - position is earned by own effort

Charles Cooley’s Looking Glass Theory

significant people in your life are mirrors - you present yourself to others by your words & actions you interpret other’s reactions as reflections of their evaluation of you - you form your self identity as a result of these interpretations

Factors that contribute to food insecurity

insufficient social assistance, precarious work, lack of affordable housing
high cost of healthy foods (fruit & veg)