Bilingualism

These flashcards encompass key terminology and concepts related to bilingualism, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Bilingual

Able to speak two or more languages.

Monolingual

Able to speak only one language.

Balanced bilingual

A person who can communicate equally well in two languages.

Unbalanced bilingual

A person with limited ability in a second language.

Language

A system of communication used by a particular community.

Dialect

A particular form of a language specific to a region or social group.

Mutual intelligibility

The degree to which speakers of different languages or dialects can understand each other.

Heritage language

A language spoken in an immigrant's country of origin.

Societal language

A language spoken by the majority of people in a given society.

Three-generation pattern

The language usage pattern across three generations in immigrant families.

Lingua franca

A second language used as a common means of communication among different ethnic groups.

Dominant language

The language of political and economic power within a bilingual society.

Codeswitching

Changing from one language to another within a single interaction.

Bilingual accommodation

Sensitivity to an interlocutor's ethnic identity in language choice.

Language negotiation

The collaborative decision-making process regarding language use between bilingual interlocutors.

Receptive bilingualism

The ability to understand a second language without being able to speak it.

Bilingual psychotherapy

Therapeutic practice where clients may find it easier to discuss issues in their second language.

Weaker links hypothesis

Explains bilingual disadvantage in terms of lower word frequencies due to splitting time between two languages.

Interference hypothesis

Explains bilingual disadvantage through interference from translation equivalents.

Lexical decision task

An experimental procedure to test language processing involving word familiarity.

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

A temporary difficulty in retrieving a word, often experienced by bilinguals.

Cognates

Words in two languages that have similar form and meaning.

Interlingual homographs

Words in two languages that look the same but have different meanings.

Translation equivalents

Words in two languages that refer to the same concept but can have different meanings.

Sense model

Theory suggesting that words have multiple meanings that do not fully overlap across languages.

Cross-language priming

When a word in one language aids in the retrieval of a related word in another language.

Childhood experiences

Memories recalled with greater emotion in a person's first language.

Explicit social attitudes

Implicit societal norms that impact language use and comprehension.

Bilingual disadvantage

Challenges bilinguals face compared to monolinguals, including vocabulary size and lexical access.

Language and identity

The notion that language is an integral part of a person's identity.

Bilingual experience

The unique set of experiences and challenges faced by individuals who speak more than one language.

Pragmatic factors

Practical reasons influencing bilinguals' choice of language in conversation.

Functional bilingual

Individuals who can use two languages for different purposes effectively.

Language use patterns

Typical ways in which languages are utilized in social contexts.

Multilingual societies

Societies where multiple languages are spoken and coexist.

Cultural identity

A person's sense of belonging to a particular culture or group, often reflected in language choice.