AICE History EOC Study Guide

What were the primary causes of the Civil War?

Failure for the North and South to compromise, sectional tension, arguments over the Fugitive Slave Act and Dred Scott decisions.

What was the Anaconda Plan?

A strategy to suffocate the Confederacy by controlling the Mississippi River.

What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?

It was the turning point of the war that stopped Lee's advance North.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?

Made the war a moral issue to end slavery.

What did Lincoln's 10 percent plan entail?

10 percent of loyal voters from Southern states had to sign a loyalty oath to regain their seats in Congress.

What reforms did Radical Republicans want during Reconstruction?

They wanted harsh punishments for the South and supported education and voting rights for freed African Americans.

What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

To assist freed African Americans with education and resources.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

Abolished slavery in the United States.

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws that legalized segregation and discrimination in the South.

What was sharecropping?

A system that kept freed African Americans in debt to landowners.

What is assimilation in the context of Native Americans?

Forcing Native Americans to adopt American cultural traditions.

What did the Homestead Act do?

Provided land grants to encourage settlement in the West.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?

To assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

What was the significance of the Transcontinental Railroad?

Connected the East and West, facilitating settlement and trade.

What was the goal of the Populist Party?

To support farmers against the railroad industry.

Who were Robber Barons?

Business leaders like Rockefeller and Carnegie who monopolized industries.

What was the Bessemer Process?

A method for mass-producing steel.

What did the Interstate Commerce Act accomplish?

Federal control over railroad pricing.

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical integration?

Horizontal integration merges companies in the same industry, while vertical integration merges companies to control every aspect of production.

What was the Knights of Labor?

A labor union that included all workers regardless of skill.

What was the purpose of the American Federation of Labor?

To represent skilled workers and advocate for their rights.

What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?

Granted women the right to vote.

What was the role of muckrakers?

Journalists who exposed social injustices.

What did Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' reveal?

Exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A warning to European countries against colonizing in the Western Hemisphere.

What was Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy?

A foreign policy that emphasized negotiation while being prepared to use military force.

What did the Platt Amendment allow?

The U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish naval bases.

What was the significance of the USS Maine?

Its sinking led to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War.

What was Selective Service Act?

Created a national draft during World War I.

What was the Sussex Pledge?

Germany's promise not to sink passenger ships without warning.

What was the Zimmerman Note?

A secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance.

What were war bonds?

Government bonds issued to finance military operations.

What was the purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

To subsidize farmers and reduce agricultural production to raise prices.

What triggered the Great Depression?

Stock market speculation and subsequent crash.

What was the significance of Black Tuesday?

The day when the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression.

What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

An event where North Vietnamese forces attacked U.S. ships, leading to increased U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

What did the Paris Peace Accords accomplish?

Ended U.S. direct involvement in Vietnam.

What was the Tet Offensive?

A surprise attack by North Vietnam during the Tet holiday.

What were the Watergate scandal events?

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and subsequent cover-up.

What were the Camp David Accords?

A peace agreement between Israel and Egypt facilitated by President Jimmy Carter.

What was the Iran-Contra Affair?

A scandal where U.S. officials secretly facilitated arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

What was the significance of the Patriot Act?

Expanded the government's powers for surveillance and intelligence gathering to combat terrorism.

What is globalization?

The integration of cultures, economies, and politics of nations worldwide.