Ecology (IB)

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Abiotic Factors

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40 Terms

1

Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem

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2

Ecology

Study of interactions between organisms and their environment

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3

Interdependence

The interconnectedness of organisms and their environment

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4

Holistic Approach

Studying systems as a whole rather than in isolated parts

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5

Individual

Single organism in an ecosystem

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6

Population

Group of individuals of the same species in a specific area

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7

Community

All populations of different species in an area

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8

Producers/Autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food.

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9

Ecosystem

Community of organisms and their non-living environment.

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10

Biosphere

Global sum of all ecosystems where life exists.

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11

Biotic Factors

Living components of an ecosystem

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12

Primary Consumers

Herbivores that eat producers

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13

Secondary Consumers

Carnivores that eat primary consumers

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14

Tertiary Consumers

Top predators that eat secondary consumers

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15

Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead matter and recycle nutrients

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16

Competition

When organisms vie for the same resources

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17

Predation

Interaction where one organism hunts and eats another

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18

Symbiosis

Long-term interaction between different species

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19

Herbivory

Consumption of plants by herbivores

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20

Climate

Long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation in an area

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21

Soil

Upper layer of Earth’s surface where plants grow

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22

Water

Essential liquid for life processes and ecosystem functioning

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23

Sunlight

Primary energy source for photosynthesis

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24

Nutrients

Chemical elements required for organism growth and survival

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25

Topography

Physical features of Earth’s surface, like elevation and slope

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26

Exponential Growth

Rapid increase in population size with abundant resources

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27

Logistic Growth

Population growth that slows as it reaches carrying capacity

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28

Carrying Capacity (K)

Maximum population size an environment can support.

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29

10% Rule

Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level.

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30

Food Web

Network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

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31

Food Chain

Linear sequence of organisms where each is consumed by the next.

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32

Photosynthesis

Process by which producers convert light energy into chemical energy in glucose.

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33

Decomposers/Saprotrophs

Organisms that break down dead organic matter to recycle nutrients.

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34

Nitrogen Fixation

Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by bacteria.

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35

Assimilation (Nitrogen Cycle)

Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use them to build proteins.

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36

Ammonification

Decomposition of organic nitrogen into ammonia by decomposers.

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37

Denitrification

Conversion of nitrates back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.

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38

Biogeochemical Cycles

Processes that recycle nutrients through ecosystems (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen).

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39

Pyramid of Energy

Graphical representation showing energy available at each trophic level.

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40

Nitrification

Conversion of ammonia into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria.

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