Gender and World War 1

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35 Terms

1

Fin-de-siècle Malaise

Translates to the end of the century and malaise, reflecting a sense of fear and worry prevalent at the turn of the century.

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2

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest and strongest individuals or races survive, often used to justify discrimination against certain groups.

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3

Futurists

A group of writers and artists, originating from Milan, Italy, led by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who rejected the past and advocated for a future-oriented approach.

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4

Nationalism

An intense pride in one's country often associated with a sense of superiority over others.

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5

Triple Entente

An alliance consisting of France, Britain, and Russia during World War I, later joined by Italy and the United States.

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6

Central Powers

Alliance comprising Austria, Germany, and later the Ottomans during World War I.

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7

Trench Warfare

A type of combat during World War I characterized by fighting from trenches, with minimal movement and high casualties.

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8

Shell Shock

A term used during World War I (modernly known as PTSD) to describe the psychological trauma experienced by soldiers after combat.

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9

League of German Girls (BDM)

An organization in Nazi Germany that aimed to educate young German girls on traditional gender roles and prepare them for motherhood and domestic duties.

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10

Kinsey Reports

Studies conducted by Alfred Kinsey that explored sexual behavior in the United States, challenging traditional norms and beliefs about sexuality and marriage.

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11

Black Hand

 nationalist, terrorist org. That emerges to disable the fight with Austria. Young radicals

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12

Triple Entente:

Consists of France, Britain, and Russia, later joined by Italy in 1915, then By the United States later on

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13

 Central Powers:

Austria, Germany, and later in the war Ottomans

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14

The Spirit of 1914

National Unity consists of women men, and older people in society. That their nation will win.

  • The media told women to be proud of the men contributing to the war 

  • Young men are excited to go to war and see it as an opportunity to prove masculinity and become a hero

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15

Great War

WW1

  • People thought it would only take a few months, but instead goes for 4 more years

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16

Two Masculine Identity:

Heroic identity: associated with the battlefront and men were expected to fight in the war, giving a white feather to a male means coward.


Be good sons, husbands, and fathers because of protecting their families, connected to the home 

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17

Shell Shock: (modern term is PTSD)

When men came back from war, they are damaged 

  • A disorder diagnosed when soldiers come back from war

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18

Dorothy Lawrence

  • Female writer

  • Disguised herself as a man and called herself Dennis Smith 

  • Stayed 10 whole days and joined the tunneling unit 

  • She got sent back home and wrote a memoir 

  • Treated as a spy returning home and dismissed the case 

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19

Maria Bochkareva 

  • Formed a military unit known as the “Russian Women’s Battalion of Death”

  • Had over 300 women members and was made possible due to the Russian Revolution

  • Permitted to do this with the government they can fight 

  • Women inspired by nationalism 

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20

Hitler Youth 

  • Organization for young German boys and participated in shooting drills, politics, military and physical fitness

  • 100,000 members 1933

  • Then 1 million 1936

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21

Degenerative Art

deemed undesirable by the Nazi party 

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22

Kathe Kollwitiz

makes a painting of the effects of WW1 on women


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23

Womens Responsibilities 

  1. Kinder - childern 

  2. Kuche - kitchen

  3. Kirche - church 

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24

Cross of Honor of the German Mother

an award given to German mothers for raising or giving birth to healthy strong children. Three awards Bronze (4-5 children), Sliver (6-7 children), and Gold (8 or more children). Done on Mother's Day 


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25

Tracht

( traditional folk costume) - worn by women with and natural organic look to it. 

  • Makeup is seen as anti-German, as well as French clothing 

  • Have to be physically fit and be outdoors

  • Clothing is a look at the past and supports German history 

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26

The League of German Girls (BDM)

 the role of being a good mother and wife, being passive and obedient towards men, and being taught what their mothers would do ( cooking and taking care of children). 

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27

Weimar Republic

a lively gay community within the group, almost homosexual behavior is almost decriminalized but the Nazis came

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28

Josef Kohout

wrote a memoir called “The Men with the Pink Triangle” 

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29

Bolsheviks

a political group operating in Russia that supports the Soviets 

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30

Soviets

part of the Bolsheviks, are part workers committees that ran factories instead of Bousigze management 

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31

Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)

controlled by the United States, Britain, and France

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32

Berlin Wall

 The anti-fascist protective barrier

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33

German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

controlled by the USSR

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34

Kitchen Debate 1959

Nixion visited Moscow an American exhibit to show Russians how American families live 

Containment Culture and Gender - The United States wants to contain communism so it doesn't come into the United States 

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35

Nuclear Family

describes an American family. White mother, father, and two children. The core of the United States. The idea is to encourage fallout shelters 

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