Ch 1 Physics

SI System

a standard system of units for the fundamental quantities of science

meter

the distance light travels in a vacuum during 1/299 792 458 of a second; SI unit for length

kilogram

mass of a platinum-indium alloy cylinder kept in france; SI unit for mass

second

9 192 631 700 times the period of oscillation of radiation from the cesium atom; SI unit for time

atto- / 10^-18

a

femto- / 10^-15

f

pico- / 10^-12

p

nano- / 10^-9

n

micro- / 10^-6

μ

milli- / 10^-3

m

centi- / 10^-2

c

deci- / 10^-1

d

deka- / 10^1

da

kilo- / 10^3

k

mega- / 10^6

M

giga- / 10^9

G

tera- / 10^12

T

peta- / 10^15

P

exa- / 10^18

E

up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top

possibilities of a quark

2 up quarks and 1 down quark

quarks that compose a proton

2 down quarks and 1 up quark

quarks that compose a neutron

dimension

physical nature of a quantity (different units of the same metric mass, length, or time)

dimensional analysis

treats dimensions like algebraic quantities to help derive or check equations

order of magnitude

approximate value within a factor of 10 denoted with ~

cartesian coordinate system

a coordinate system consisting of 2 axis, x and y, that span from -∞ to ∞ used to describe the position of a point using (x,y) distance removed from the reference point, the origin

plane polar coordinates

a distance r from the origin and angle θ from the x-axis where counterclockwise is the positive direction

pythagorean theorem

r^2 = x^2 + y^2

cosθ

x/r

sinθ

y/r

tanθ

y/x

L (length)

What unit/dimensions is displacement?

L/T

What are the dimensions of Velocity?

L

What is the dimension of position?

L^2

What are the dimensions of area?

L^3

What are the dimensions of volume?

L/T^2

What are the dimensions of acceleration?