Chapter 16 - Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Hydrogen sulfide

________ is reacted with the unknown acidic solution after the chloride precipitates have been removed by filtration.

sodium hydroxide

Adding ________ to a sample can reveal the presence of NH4 +.

Filtration

________ is used to remove these precipitates from the solution as well.

BaCO3

Cations in Group 4 Following the removal of all group 1, 2, and 3 cations from the solution, sodium carbonate is added to the basic solution to precipitate Ba2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ ions as ________, CaCO3, and SrCO3.

stoichiometric coefficient

The product of the molar concentrations of the constituent ions, each raised to the power of their ________ in the equilibrium equation, is the solubility product of a compound.

chemical analysis

It is occasionally advantageous in ________ to precipitate one type of ion from solution while leaving other ions in solution.

hydrogen ion

The ________ and hydroxide ion concentrations are very low in a strong- acid titration at the equivalence point (about 1 to 10- 7 M); therefore, the added value is one drop.

weak acid or base

The ionization of a(n) ________ is suppressed by the presence of a common ion.

AgCl

Thus a decrease in salt solubility (________) in solution is the effect of adding a common ion.

equivalence point

As the ________ is located on the steep part of the curve, the pH on the ________ is inserted in the range that changes the color of the indicator.

PH

________ has little effect on the solubilities of salts containing non- hydrolyzing anions.

Al

________ (OH) 3 is increased solubility in a medium by the formation of a complex ion ________ (OH) 4 − Al (OH) 3 acting as Lewis acid and OH− acting as the Lewis base.

constant Kf

The formation ________, which is the equilibrium constant for complex ion formation, is a measure of a metal ion's tendency to create a specific complex ion.

buffer solution

A(n) ________ is made up of two components: (1) a weak acid or base and (2) its salt; both must be present.