CP Bio Honors Chapter 6 (and 7)

What goes into glycolysis?

Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+

What is the product at the end of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, but the net gain is 2 ATP.

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytosol.

What is the main purpose of glycolysis?

To break down glucose to pyruvate and release NADH.

Is glycolysis universal?

Yes, it occurs whether or not there is oxygen.

What is pyruvate?

A 3 carbon compound that is a product of glycolysis.

What goes into pyruvate oxidation?

2 pyruvate, coenzyme A, NAD+.

What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?

Acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2.

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix.

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A, releasing NADH and carbon dioxide due to the loss of one carbon.

What goes into the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?

Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD+, ADP.

What are the products of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, CO2, ATP.

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix.

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Acetyl CoA is converted to Citric Acid and loses electrons, producing NADH and FADH2.

What goes into the electron transport chain and ATP Synthase?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ATP, O2.

What are the products of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase?

ATP, NAD+, FAD, H2O.

Where does the electron transport chain and ATP synthase occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is chemiosmosis?

H+ ions moving down ATP Synthase to produce ATP.

How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule through ATP Synthase?

30-38 ATP.

What is phosphorylation?

Adding a phosphate group to something.

What happens to brown fat cells when exposed to cold temperatures?

They lyse.

What does LEO stand for?

Loss of Electrons = Oxidation.

What does GER stand for?

Gain of Electrons = Reduction/redox.

What is the purpose of electron-carrying coenzymes?

To help in oxidation and reduction reactions.

What is the cellular respiration reaction? Is it exergonic or endergonic?

C6H12 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP + heat. It is exergonic.

What is the most important molecule in order to not decay?

ATP.

What ultimately provides energy?

The sun.

What are the major parts of the mitochondria?

Cristae, mitochondrial matrix, inner membrane space, inner membrane, outer membrane.