CP Bio Honors Chapter 6 (and 7)

What goes into glycolysis? 

•  glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+

What is the product end of glycolysis?

• 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH

• BUT

• NET GAIN- 2 ATP

Glycolysis? 

•  occurs in cytosol 

• breaks down glucose to pyruvate

• releases NADH

• UNIVERSAL- occurs whether or not there is oxygen

Pyruvate? 

• 3 carbon compound- product of glycolysis

what goes into pyruvate oxidation?

• 2 pyruvate, coenzyme A, NAD+

What is a product of pyruvate oxidation?

•  Acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2

pyruvate oxidation? 

• occurs in mitochondrial matrix

• pyruvate combines with coenzyme and in result, NADH and carbon dioxide released

• happens due to an extra carbon

• 3 carbon compound- one too many!-oxidation

what goes into the kreb cycle (citric acid cycle)

• Acetylene CoA, NAD+, FAD+, ADP

what is the product of the kreb cycle (citric acid cycle)

•  3 NADH 1 FADH2, CO2, ATP

Kreb Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

• occurs in mitochondrial matrix

• Acetyl CoA-> Citric Acid-> losing electrons!-> many electron carriers ( NADH, FADH2)

what goes into the electron transport chain and ATP Synthase?

•  3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ATP, O2

what is the product of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase? 

• ATP, NAD+, FAD, H2O

electron transport chain and ATP synthase?

• occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane

• Hydrogen split off NADH and FADH2 → NAD+ and FAD

• H+ goes to inner membrane space down ATP SYnthase and ATP is made!- Chemiosmosis

• Electron stuck in protein- passes through, protein to protein, until it gets to a certain one and in the chain rejoins e- and H+ by adding it to oxygen, producing H2O

ATP Synthase?

• 30-38 ATP per glucose molecule

Phosphorylation?

• Adding phosphate group to something

• Phosphorylate ADP → ATP! (AMP→ADP)

What  happens when brown cells are exposed to cold temperatures?

• They lyse!

• Ex. cryolipolysis and coolsculpting

LEO?

• Loss Electrons= Oxidation

• NAD+, FAD, H+

GER?

• Gain electrons= Reduce/redox

• NADH, FADH2, e-

Purpose for electron carrying coenzymes?

• Hydrogen flying around due to 1 electron that constantly searches for bonds

• NADH, FADH- coenzyme/ electron carriers

• Purpose? Help in oxidation and redoc

• Reduction: NAD+ →NADH 

• Oxidation: NAD+ ←NADH

NAD+, FAD and H+

• Proton carriers

NADH, FADH2, e-

• Electron carriers

Concentration Gradient?

• Different spaces with different concentration

Mitochondria

1-cristae

2-Mitochondrial Matrix

3-inner membrane space

4-inner membrane

5-outer membrane

Brown Fat?

• Make heat without ATP!

Where does energy ultimately come from?

• The sun!

Most important thing in order to not decay?

• ATP!

Cellular Respiration reaction? + Is it exergonic or endergonic

• C6H12+6O2→6H2O+ 6 CO2 + ATP + heat

• Exergonic

• Captures 34% of available energy from original glucose

Key Info- Hydrogen has a wild, lose electron, they ho[ around to a lot of different compounds in the process – follow the electron

• Things that have hydrogen are what you should be caring about.