biodiversity
the number of different species in an area
the variety of organisms and habitats
habitat biodiversity
the number of different habitats found within an area
species richness
the number of different species present in a habitat
species evenness
a comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community
community
all the populations of living organisms in a particular habitat
genetic biodiversity
the variety of genes that make up a species
habitat
the place where a population lives
what do you use to measure light intensity
light meter
what is light measured in
lux
what is wind speed measured with
anemometer
what is wind speed measured in
m/s
what is relative humidity measured with
humidity sensor
what is humidity measured in
mg dm cubed
what causes the genetic biodiversity of a species to increase?
mutation- new allele are made
interbreeding between different populations- transfer of alleles (gene flow)
what causes the genetic biodiversity of a species to decrease?
Selective breeding
Captive breeding
Artificial cloning (asexual reproduction)
Natural selection (only advantageous allele passed down)
Genetic bottlenecks (only some survive to an event or change)
Founder effect (new colony made- isolated)
Genetic drift (due to random nature of alleles being passed down)
in situ conservation advantages
maintains the evolutionary adaptations: enables a species to adapt continually to changing environment
maintains interdependent relationships
cheaper
examples of active management techniques used in wildlife reserves
control grazing
control poaching
removal of invasive species
halting succession
restrict human access
reintroduction of species
problems associated with reintroducing species back into the wild
disease- resistance to disease may be lost in captive bred animals
genetic- the genetic makeup of captive bred animals may become very different to the wild animals, so they can no longer inter-breed
habitat- the habitat threshold may already be met, so it can no longer support new animals competing for space and food
behaviour- learned behaviours such as hunting for food may not be present in captive bred animals
explain the benefits of maintaining biodiversity to agriculture
Genetic variation/ higher number of alleles:
Used for selective breeding to create crops that can cope with climate change
Provide a habitat for pollinators
Source of a new medicine for livestock
how to make a biodiversity investigation more valid- REPRESENTATIVE
More transects in different parts of areas
Collect at different times of day and year
Use a butterfly net to capture individuals
Use a key to identify species