CM1 - The political environment of the UK post-WW2

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What 5 parties have existed since the WW2?

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1

What 5 parties have existed since the WW2?

  • The Conservative Party ( Tories ) since 1832

  • The Liberal Party ( The Liberals ) from 1859 to 1988

  • The Liberal Democrats ( Lib Dems ) since 1988

  • The Labour Party since 1900

  • The Green Party ( The Greens ) since 1985

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2

What was the political trend after WW2 and until when did it last?

Socialism from 1945 to 1951

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3

Who was William Beveridge and what did he want to create ?

  • Member of the Labour Party

  • Create social security to eradicate the “5 giants” : want ( poverty ), disease, ignorance ( education ), squalor ( housing ) and idleness ( unemployment )

  • Creation of social security within a Welfare State

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4

What legislation did Labour create when introduced ?

Legislation related to :

  • education

  • Housing

  • Allowance

  • Children’s act

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5

When did the Consensus era happen ?

From 1951 to the mid-70s

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6

What was the Post War Consensus ? And why was it made possible ?

  • alternation of power between two parties : Conservative Party and Labour Party

  • The late 50s were a period of booming economy

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7

What is BUTSKELLISM ?

Term used to refer to :

  • Rab BUTLER → Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • Hugh GAITSKELL → Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer

They agreed on :

  • Broader distribution of wealth

  • Strengthening social security

  • Keynesian mixed economy

  • Moderate state intervention

  • Private propriety and individual initiative

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8

Why did the consensus end towards the end of the 70s ?

Economic problems eroded the relation between Conservatives and Labour :

  • low productivity

  • High unemployment

  • High inflation

  • High state borrowing : IMF loan

  • Increasing industrial action and strikes : global strike called “Winter Discontent”, 1978-79

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9

What is Thatcherism ? When did it happen ?

  • Thatcherism is the political ideology that came with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher

  • 1979 - 1997 : Leader of the Conservatives from 1974 to 1990 and Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990, John Major ( 1990 to 1997 ) succeeded her and maintained her political ideology

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10

What policies did the Conservatives implement during the Thatcher era ?

  • reduction of welfare

  • Self-help

  • Individualism

  • Monetarism

  • Privatization

  • Free enterprise

  • Anti-unionism

  • Anti-Europe

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11

What is New Labour ? Who was its leader and when did it happen ?

  • New Labour was a new ideology within the Labour Party that wanted to propose a “Third Way” that was neither left nor right but much more centrist. It appealed to supporters of Consensus and progressives

  • Tony Blair led the party from 1997 to 2007 and Gordon Brown succeeded him until 2010

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12

When did the Coalition happen and which parties were involved ?

From 2010 to 2015 : Coalition between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. Coalition Deputy + Prime Minister

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13

What policies did the Conservatives and Lib Dems implement during the Coalition ?

  • austerity : reduction to budget deficit, cuts to public spendings…

  • Increase of annual university tuition fees

  • Reducing of immigration

  • Introduction of fixed-term parliaments

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14

What Party won the 2015 elections and remained in power ever since ?

The Conservatives won the election and since then 5 Prime Ministers have succeed each other :

  • David Cameron ( 2010 - 2015 - 2016 )

  • Theresa May ( 2016 - 2019 )

  • Boris Johnson ( 2019 - 2022 )

  • Liz Truss ( sept - oct 2022 )

  • Rishi Sunak ( 2022 - )

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15

What is Brexit ? When did it happen ?

  • BREXIT : the UK leaving the European Union

  • Referendum promised by David Cameron and held on 23 June 2016 → 48% REMAIN vs 52% LEAVE

  • Brexit became effective on 1 January 2021

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16

What are the 6 political periods that happened since WW2 ?

  • Socialism ( 1945 - 1951 ) : Labour

  • Consensus ( 1951 - mid 1970s ) : Labour and Conservatives

  • Thatcherism ( 1979 - 1997 ) : Conservative

  • New Labour ( 1997 - 2010 ) : Tony Blair’s Labour

  • Coalition ( 2010 - 2015 ) : Conservatives and Liberal Democrats

  • Conservatives ( 2015 - ) : Brexit era

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