Ethics Test 4

Virtue Ethics

An ethical theory that emphasizes the role of character and virtues in moral philosophy, suggesting that morality is about developing good habits and living a life of moral excellence.

The 'Man of Virtue' (Junzi)

In Confucian philosophy, the ideal person who embodies core virtues like righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and integrity.

Polarization of American politics

The increasing ideological division between political parties and supporters, leading to intense partisanship and a lack of compromise.

Compassion in moral frameworks

A central aspect in modern moral thought, as argued by Charles Taylor, essential for understanding others' suffering and making ethical judgments.

Heinz Dilemma

A moral dilemma used in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, concerning the decision of a man named Heinz whether to steal an expensive drug to save his wife.

Ethics of Virtue

Focuses on developing personal virtues and character traits that lead to a good life.

Ethical pluralism

The view that there are many valid moral perspectives, affirming diversity in moral reasoning and promoting tolerance for differing viewpoints.

Gratitude obligation

A concept discussed by Peter Berger, referring to the sense of gratitude individuals owe for social and cultural support.

Authenticity in Existentialism

The process of living true to oneself, independent of societal expectations, as emphasized by various existentialist philosophers.

Kierkegaard's idea of authentic existence

Emphasizes individuality, faith, and the necessary 'leap of faith'.

Feminist ethics

Critiques traditional ethical frameworks that marginalize women, emphasizing care, relationships, and social context.

Pro-Choice arguments

Advocates for women's autonomy over their bodies and that personhood begins after conception.

Active Euthanasia

Directly causing death, such as administering a lethal dose of medication.

Biocentrism

The perspective that all living things have inherent value and moral consideration should be extended to all forms of life.

Death Penalty - Retentionism

The belief that the death penalty should be retained as punishment for certain crimes, often argued from a deterrence perspective.

Mary Ann Warren's Criteria for Personhood

Criteria proposed to determine personhood based on consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, capacity to communicate, and self-awareness.