G8 NH SAS Math Vocabulary

5. 23 (repeating decimal notation)

repeating decimal notation

AAAA���� (symbol for line segment)

symbol for line segment

√ square root symbol

symbol for radical

∛ cube root symbol

symbol for cube root

∠A angle symbol

symbol for angle

⊥ symbol for perpendicular lines

symbol for perpendicular

angle

a figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint (vertex)

association

(relationship) between two numerical variables can be described by its form, direction, strength, and outliers

average rate/average flow (indicating rate of change/slope)

indicating rate of change/slope

base (a dimension in a 2-D figure)

a flat surface of a solid figure by which the figure is measured or classified

base (as the base (area of) in a three-dimensional figure)

as the base (area of) in a 3D figure

base (in a power)

a number that is raised to a power

coefficient

any of the factors of a product considered in relation to a specific factor

cone

distinctive three-dimensional geometric figure with a flat and curved surface pointed towards the top

congruent

figures having the same size and shape.

consecutive

following one after the other in order

constant (as a number on its own as part of an expression)

Aaquantity that does not change

constant rate

when the ratio of the output to the input stays the same at any given point on the function

coordinate plane/coordinate grid/grid

numbers that correspond to points on a coordinate plane in the form (x, y), or a number that corresponds to a point on a number line

correlation

the degree to which two variables are related

counterclockwise

in a direction opposite to that in which the hands of a clock rotate as viewed from in front

cubic

being the volume of a cube whose edge is a specified unit

cylinder

a solid object with 2 identical flat ends that are circular and 1 curved side

cylindrical

having straight parallel sides and a circular or oval cross-section; in the shape or form of a cylinder

decimal notation

is the representation of a fraction using the base 10 and consisting of a decimal point

diagonal

a straight line joining two opposite corners of a square, rectangle, or other straight-sided shape

diameter

a straight line going through the center of a circle connecting two points on the circumference

dilate/dilated

a change in size of a figure without changing its angles

dilation

a change in size of a figure without changing its angles

dimensions

measure in one direction

discrete data

is a count that involves integers — only a limited number of values is possible.

domain (of a relation)

all the values that go into a function

function

a special relationship between values: Each input values gives back exactly one output value

hypotenuse

the side opposite the right angle in a right‐angled triangle

intersection

the point at which lines or curves meet; the line where planes meet

irrational number

a number that cannot be written as a simple fraction ‐ the decimal goes on forever without repeating

leg

the sides in a right triangle that form its right angle (90°)

line segment

the part of a line consisting of two endpoints and all points between them

linear equation

an equation that makes a straight line when it is graphed

linear function

a function that can be graphically represented on the coordinate plane by a straight line

linear graph

a model of a straight line on the X and Y axis. It represents the equation y=mx+b

linear pattern

a pattern that forms a straight line

linear relationship

is a statistical term used to describe a straight-line relationship between two variables

negative correlation

is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa

negative exponents

tells us how many times to divide a base number

nonlinear

a function whose graph does not form a straight line

ordered pair

the location of a single point on a rectangular coordinate system where the first and second values represent the position relative to the x‐axis and y‐axis, respectively

origin

the point of intersection of the x‐ and y‐axes in a rectangular coordinate system, where the x‐coordinate and y‐coordinate are both zero (0)

parallel

line that are a constant distance apart, never intersecting

perfect cube

a number that is equal to the number, multiplied by itself, three times

perfect square

the product of a rational number multiplied by itself

polygon

a closed figure that has three or more sides, no curved lines, and no intersections

positive correlation

a relationship between two variables that tend to move in the same direction.

power

the number of times the base number is to be multiplied by itself

prism

a polyhedron with two polygonal faces lying in parallel planes and with the other faces parallelograms

proportion

if one of the related things is multiplied in size by a number, which we'll call x, then the other related thing is also multiplied by x

Pythagorean Theorem

In a right angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides

quadrant

any of the four regions formed by the axes in a rectangular coordinate system

qualitative graphs

descriptive information

radical

the symbol √ , which is used to represent the square root or nth root of a number

radius

the distance from the center of a circle or a sphere to any point on the circle or a sphere

random survey

is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen

range (of a relation)

the difference between the greatest (maximum) and least (minimum) values in a set of data

rate

the ratio of the change in the output value and change in the input value of a function

ratio

a comparison of two numbers, often written as a fraction

rational number

any number that can be written as a fraction

reflect/reflect over

line is a transformation in which each point of the original figure (the pre-image) has an image that is the same distance from the reflection line as the original point, but is on the opposite side of the line.

reflection

a flip of a flat figure across a line that creates a mirror image

relation

the connection between a pair of objects, measures, numbers

relative frequency

the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations

repeating decimal

a decimal with a sequence of digits that repeats itself indefinitely

right triangle

a triangle with one angle measuring 90°

rotation

the shape can be rotated some amount and is still the same

scatter plot

a graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data

scientific notation

a way to write a number as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10

similar

figures are similar if the have the same shape, but are different sizes

slope/rate of change

the ratio of change in the vertical axis (y‐axis) to change in the horizontal axis (x‐axis)

solution

answer to a problem

sphere

a solid that is bounded by a surface consisting of all points at a given distance from a point constituting its center

standard form

a way to write numbers by using the digits 0‐9, with each digit having a place value

symbols used in transformations (e.g. A, B, C, --\> A', B', C' and (x, y) --\> (-y,x))

(e.g. A, B, C, --\> A', B', C' and (x, y) --\> (-y,x))

system of equations/system

two or more equations containing common variable(s)

table, graph, and equation representations of same contextual situation

mathematical data which can be represented as a x and y table, which then can be graphed, which can be written as an linear equation using y \= mx + b

term (as part of an expression)

Parts of an expression or series separated by + or – signs

terminating decimal

a decimal number that ends or terminates

transformation/transformed

a change in the size, shape, or position of a figure.

translation

A transformation in which every point in a figure is moved in the same direction and by the same distance. Also called a slide.

trend

a prevailing tendency or inclination

trend line/line of best fit

a line that is drawn through the data on a scatter plot to describe the trend of the data.

two-way table/two-way frequency table

A table in which frequencies correspond to two variables.

variable(s)

Any symbol, usually a letter, which could represent a number.

vertex

A corner point of a geometric figure. For a polygon, vertices are where adjacent sides meet. For an angle, the vertex is where the two rays making up the angle meet.

volume

The amount of space taken up by an object, usually calculated by: base x height x width

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x-axis

The horizontal number line on a rectangular coordinate system.

x-intercept

The value of x at the point where a line or graph intersects the x‐axis. The value of y is zero (0) at this point

y-axis

The vertical number line on a rectangular coordinate system.

y-intercept

The value of y at the point where a line or graph intersects the y‐axis. The value of x is zero (0) at this point.