Finals yayyy booo

The classification system most commonly used by biologists today contains five domains.

False

Which of the below is NOT a feature that living organisms are characterized by?

requiring oxygen to survive

Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the basic theories of biology?

Life may arise through spontaneous generation.

Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is

slightly basic.

What is the maximum number of electrons that will be in the first valence shell?

two

Which term refers to the attraction of water molecules to one another?

cohesion

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Carbohydrates are used as an immediate energy source.

Organic molecules are those that contain at least

carbon and hydrogen.

A triglyceride is a polymer made up of which kind of subunits?

fatty acids and glycerol

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?

cellulose

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

protein

The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?

secondary structure

Fish sperm is composed mostly of DNA. If we tested a sample chemically, we should find relatively high amounts of

nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.

Which statement is true about RNA?

One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.

Which of the following is a function of a steroid?

sex hormone

According to the endosymbiosis theory _____Blank were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells.

mitochondria

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?

Golgi apparatus

All of the following are associated with the mitochondria except

stroma

What cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins based on the information in an mRNA molecule?

ribosome

Which is the best definition of osmosis?

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

Which is the best definition of active transport?

movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP

In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues.

False

The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis.

False

The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell constitute

metabolism

Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.

A coenzyme is

a nonprotein organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.

Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen

What would happen if a drug directly interfered with the functioning of RuBP carboxylase?

Carbon dioxide would not be fixed to RuBP, stalling the Calvin cycle.

_____Blank is a product of the Calvin cycle that is used to form glucose phosphate, amino acids or fatty acids.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

glycolysis—preparatory reaction—citric acid cycle—electron transport system.

Eukaryotic chromosomes

All of the choices are correct.

Male honeybees are haploid (n) while the females are diploid (2n). Based on this information, which of the following are true statements?

A single set of chromosomes is sufficient to code for a functional individual.

As compared to a female, a male honeybee has half the amount of DNA.

(Only A and B are true.)

The function of mitosis is

• growth of the organism and tissue repair.

• to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

• asexual reproduction in some species.

• (All of the choices are correct.)

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

G₁, S, G₂, M

Which sequence of the mitotic stages is correct?

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Apoptosis refers to cell death and

can be programmed and is essential to normal development.

Which of the following would NOT contribute to genetic variation?

crossing-over of sister chromatids

Why is crossing-over important?

It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

Meiosis accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT

growth and repair.

The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy.

False

Females with an X-linked disorder could pass the genes for the disorder to _____Blank, and males with an X-linked disorder could pass the genes for the disorder to _____Blank.

both their female and male children; only their female children

What are alleles?

alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

The pedigree chart depicts the inheritance pattern of _____Blank. Circles depict females and squares depict males. Colored shapes represent affected individuals (expressing a trait) and uncolored shapes are unaffected (do not express a trait).

an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being heterozygous

If two parents have blood genotypes  IAi and IBi , which of the following blood genotypes are possible in their children?

IAi, IBi, IAIB and ii

What is pleiotropy?

A single mutant gene affects two or more distinct and seemingly unrelated traits.

One of Chargaff's rules states that

A = T and G = C.

unwinds DNA and separates parental strands

DNA helicase

attach to newly separated DNA and prevent it from re-forming the helix so replication can occur

single-stranded binding proteins

places short pieces of RNA on the DNA strands to be replicated

DNA primase

synthesizes and proofreads DNA strand

DNA polymerase

binds Okazaki fragments together

DNA ligase

DNA replication is considered semiconservative because

it uses one old strand as a template for the synthesis of a new strand.

Which is NOT true about the genetic code?

Most amino acids have only one codon.

All of the following are associated with translation except

Production of mRNA.

A(n) _____ is a group of three bases on tRNA that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon.

anticodon

Which of the following structures is NOT part of an operon?

RNA endonuclease

Active genes in eukaryotic cells are associated with

euchromatin

The level of genetic control that involves the life span of the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes is _____ control.

translational

The level of genetic control that involves the processing of early RNA transcripts to mRNA and the rate at which mRNA leaves the nucleus is

posttranscriptional control.

"Jumping genes" that have the ability to move within and between chromosomes are called

transposons

An oncogene is

a mutated form of a proto-oncogene.

Identify the major tumor suppressor gene that is more frequently mutated in human cancers than any other known gene.

p53 gene

Which of the below statements is NOT true of frameshift mutations?

Result from a base substitution.

Which of the following series of events is associated with the formation of cancer?

The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which are continuously active. There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.