HG Unit 2 Test

Population Distribution

Population Distribution

the pattern of human settlement- the spread of people across the earth

Population Density

a measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area- how crowded a place is

Ecumene

land that is permanently populated by human society

Mid altitudes

where most people live

more moderate climates and better soils

Arithmetic Denisty

Calculated by dividing a region’s population by total hour

Physiological Density

Calculated by dividing population by the amount of arable land (sutiable for growing crops)

Ex: Egypt- 2.8% arable land with high population

Carrying Capacity

the population it can support without signifigant environemntal deteriotaion

Agricultural Density

compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land-provides and indication of the efficency of the regions farmers

ex: developed countries- less farmers (technology)

less developed countries- more farmers (labor)

Density can change…

depending on the time of year

Demography

study of populations

Demographers

people who study population

Redistricting

electoral districts of reasonable equal population size so each representative serves approximately the same people

Population Pyramids

Show- age, sex, birth/death rates, average life expectancy, economic devolpment

Reflects natural disasters, wars, epedemics, future population growth

Can always be different scales

Dependency Ratio

comparing the working to nonworking parts of a population

Potential Workforce

ages 15-64

Dependent population

people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64

Echo

bulge in population pyramid

Crude birth rate

the total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society

Total fertility rate

the average number of children a woman will have through her childbearing years

Crude death rate

the total number of deaths for every 100 people alive in a society

Natural increase rate

the percentage growth population in a year

Equation: CBR-CDR/10

Doubling time

the amount of years it takes a population to double

Equation: 70/NIR

Population projects

gives a picture of what the future population may look like, based on knowledge of the past and taking, for the future, hypotheses based on fertility, mortality and migrations

Age distribution

a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid

Cohort

a group of people banded together or treated as a group

Demographic momentum

the tendency for population growth to continue despite stringent family planning programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years

Sex ratio

ratio men to woman

Over population

A value judgment based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area's current population

Under population

circumstances of too few people to sufficiently develop the resources of a country or region to improve the level of living of its inhabitants

Census

A periodic and official count of a country's population

Population concentration

Places where the most people are usually found

Epidemiology

the branch of medicine that is concerned with disease

Thomas Malthus

developed one of the most famous models to explain changes in population over time

Neo Malthusians

people today who have adopted his ideas to modern conditions and argue that globaly population is a serious issue

Malthusian Theory

focused on the relationship between people and earth

people believed that new technology would make life better but he did not agree

food population was growing arthmetically while population would grow exponetially

Echo

The large population cohort created by the children of the Baby Boomers

Stage 1

Low Growth

Marked by high birth and death rates

Stage 2

High Growth

Marked by rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates

Stage 3

Moderate Growth

Marked by rapid decline in birth rates and steady decline in death rates

Stage 4

Low Growth

Marked by low birth and death rates