Module 12 - IPv6 Addressing

What is the need for IPv6?

Depletion of IPv4 Address

What are the three migration techniques?

Dual Stack, Tunneling, and Translation.

Explain the Dual Stack migration technique.

Allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network segment. Both v4 and v6 protocols run simultaneously.

Explain the Tunnelling migration technique.

A method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated inside an IPv4 packet, similar to other types of data.

Explain the Translation migration technique.

Allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices using a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4.

True or False: 4 out of 5 RIRs no longer have enough IPv4 addresses to allocate to customers on a regular basis.

False

Which of the following techniques use native IPv6 connectivity?

Dual Stack

What is the length of IPv6 addresses?

128 bits

How many octets are in IPv6 addresses?

8 hextet with 16 bits each.

What are the three broad categories of IPv6 addresses?

Unicast, Multicast, Anycast.

What is Unicast address?

Used to uniquely identify an interface.

What is the Multicast address?

Used to send a single IPv6 packet to multiple destinations.

What is the Anycast address?

It is a unicast address that can be assigned to multiple devices.

What are the two unicast addresses of IPv6?

Global Unicast Address (GUA) and Link-local Address (LLA).

Explain GUA.

Similar to a public IPv4 address.

They are globally unique, internet routable addresses.

They can be configured statically or assigned dynamically.

Explain LLA.

It is required for every IPv6 enabled devices. They are used to communicate with other devices on the same local link.

Are LLA routable?

No

Do routers forward LLA?

No

Are global unicast addresses (GUAs) routable?

Yes

What are the three parts to GUA?

Global Routing Prefix, Subnet ID, and Interface ID

Explain Global Routing Prefix.

It is a network portion of the address that is assigned by the ISP.

Explain Subnet ID.

It is used by an organisation to identify subnets within its site.

Explain Interface ID.

It is equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address.

If the LLA is not configured manually on an interface, what will happen.

LLA will create its own configuration.

What address is used as the default gateway in IPv6?

LLA

What are the two ways that a device can obtain a LLA?

Statically and dynamically

What type of IPv6 address begins with fe80?

LLA

True or false? The Subnet ID field in an GUA must borrow bits from the interface ID.

False

Which part of a GUA is assigned by the ISP?

Global Routing Prefix

What is the recommended prefix length for most IPv6 subnets?

/64

Where does the GUA obtain its dynamically obtained address?

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6)

What command is used to enable router as an IPv6 router?

ipv6 unicast-routing

What does the ICMPv6 RA message include?

1) Network Prefix and Prefix Length

2) Default Gateway Address

3) DNS Addresses and Domain Name

What is Network Prefix and Prefix Length used for?

To tell the device which network it belongs to.

What is Default Gateway Address used for?

This is an IPv6 LLA, the source IPv6 address of the RA message.

What is the DNS Addresses and Domain Name used for?

These are the addresses of DNS servers and a domain name.

What are the three methods for RA messages?

Method 1: SLAAC

Method 2: SLAAC with a stateless DHCPv6 Server

Method 3: Stateful DHCPv6 (no SLAAC)

Explain the SLAAC method.

A method that allows a device to create its own GUA without the services of DHCPv6.

Explain the SLAAC and Stateless DHCPv6 method.

A method where devices use SLAAC for the GUA and default gateway address.

Explain the Stateful DHCPv6 method.

A method where devices automatically receive their addressing information.

What are the two methods a device can use to generate its own IPv6 interface ID?

EUI-64 and randomly generated

Which dynamic addressing method for GUAs is the one where devices get their IPv6 configuration in a RA message and request DNS information from a DHCPv6 server?

Method 2: SLAAC and stateless DHCPv6

Which dynamic addressing method for GUAs is the one where devices rely solely on a DHCPv6 server for their addressing information?

Method 3: Stateful DHCPv6

Which dynamic addressing method for GUAs is the one where devices rely solely on the contents of the RA message for their addressing information?

Method 1: SLAAC

True or false? RA messages are sent to all IPv6 routers by hosts requesting addressing information.

False

True or false? Multicast addresses can only be destination addresses and not source addresses.

True, they can only be destination addresses.

What are the two type of multicast addresses?

Well-Known and Solicited Node multicast addresses

Explain Well-Known multicast address.

They are multicast addresses that are assigned. Assigned multicast address is a single address used to reach a group of devices running a common protocol.

What are the two common IPv6 assigned multicast groups?

1) ff02::1 All-nodes multicast group

2) ff02::2 All-routers multicast group

Explain the Solicited Node multicast addresses.

Multicast address that is mapped to a special Ethernet multicast address.

True or False? IPv6 was designed with subnetting in mind.

True

Which field in an IPv6 GUA is used for subnetting?

Subnet ID

Given a /48 Global Routing Prefix and a /64 prefix, what is the subnet portion of the following address: 2001:db8:cafe:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555

1111

Given a /32 Global Routing Prefix and a /64 prefix, how many bits would be allocated for the Subnet ID?

32

What is the valid most compressed format possible of the IPv6 address 2001:0DB8:0000:AB00:0000:0000:0000:1234?

2001:DB8:0::1234

What is the prefix associated with the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:D15:EA:CC44::1/64?

2001:DB8:D15:EA::/64

What type of address is automatically assigned to an interface when IPv6 is enabled on that interface?

Link Local Address (LLA)

Which IPv6 network prefix is only intended for local links and can not be routed?

FE80::/10

What is the purpose of the command ping ::1?

To test the internal configuration of an IPv6 host.

What is the interface ID of the IPv6 address 2001:DB8::1000:A9CD:47FF:FE57:FE94/64?

A9CD:47FF:FE57:FE94

What is the network address for the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:AA04:B5::1/64?

2001:DB8:AA04:B5::/64

What address type is not supported in IPv6?

Broadcast

What is indicated by a successful ping to the ::1 IPv6 address?

IP is properly installed on the host.

What is the minimum configuration for a router interface that is enabled for IPv6?

To have a LLA

At a minimum, which address is required on IPv6-enabled interfaces?

LLA

Your organisation is issued the IPv6 prefix of 2001:db8:130f::/48 by your service provider. With this prefix, how many bits are available for your organisation to create /64 subnetworks if interface ID bits are not borrowed?

16

Which type of IPv6 address is not routable and used only for communication on a single subnet?

LLA