HMSC 211 Sport Injuries Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts and management of various sports injuries discussed in the HMSC 211 lecture notes.

What is the mechanism of injury for a concussion?

A concussion is caused by direct trauma that induces an acceleration–deceleration force to the head, damaging the brain by hitting the inside of the cranium.

What are the observable signs of a concussion?

Observable signs include impact and symptoms such as loss of consciousness and alteration in mental status.

What is immediate management for a concussion?

Emergency management includes not touching the athlete unless CPR is required and using a cervical collar if certified.

What is the mechanism of injury for whiplash?

Whiplash occurs from an acceleration or deceleration force at the neck, combined with hyperextension or hyperflexion, leading to damage to soft tissues.

What are common activities that cause whiplash?

Common causes include rear-end car accidents, contact sports, and extreme sports.

How is whiplash identified?

Identification involves observing signs of limited active range of motion and symptoms of nerve damage, with screening using X-rays or MRI.

What immediate management is recommended for whiplash?

Immediate management includes applying ice and using a cervical collar.

What causes burners or stingers?

These injuries result from a forceful lateral incline of the neck, leading to pinched or stretched nerves in the brachial plexus region.

What are common causes of burners or stingers?

Common causes include contact sports where the head or neck is impacted.

What are the symptoms of burners or stingers?

Symptoms include transient unilateral symptoms and observable signs of a forceful lateral incline of the neck.

How is a cervical fracture identified?

Identification involves observing painful neck range of motion and consulting a physician for X-rays.

What immediate management should be taken for a cervical fracture?

Immediate management includes emergency procedures, not moving the athlete unless unconscious, and applying a cervical collar if certified.

What is the mechanism of injury for a shoulder dislocation?

A shoulder dislocation occurs when the head of the humerus slips out of the glenoid fossa, typically due to direct trauma with the arm outstretched.

What are the common causes of shoulder dislocations?

Common causes include contact or extreme sports activities.

How is shoulder dislocation identified?

Identification involves observable signs like depression beneath the skin inferior to the acromion and symptoms including pain and inability to move the shoulder.

What is the immediate management for a shoulder dislocation?

Immediate management includes reduction, and if not possible, immobilization.

What is the mechanism of injury for a rotator cuff tear?

Rotator cuff tears are due to repetitive microtraumas from overhead movements and can also occur from overuse.

What are the common causes of rotator cuff tears?

Common causes include participation in overhead sports, particularly for athletes over 40 or with a history of shoulder impingement.

What are the identification methods for a rotator cuff tear?

Identification involves checking for observable signs, symptoms akin to shoulder impingement, and conducting MRI for severity.

What immediate management is recommended for a rotator cuff tear?

Immediate management includes applying ice and rest while avoiding overhead movements.

What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome arises from inflammation of wrist flexor tendons, which compress the median nerve.

What are the common causes of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Common causes include repetitive wrist flexion or grip-strength activities.

How is carpal tunnel syndrome identified?

Identification involves observing for pain and numbness, and screening may include X-rays and ultrasound.

What immediate management should be applied for carpal tunnel syndrome?

Immediate management includes immobilization with a splint or brace until pain subsides.

What is Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome?

Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome is caused by repetitive microtrauma due to the patellar ligament pulling on the growth plate of the tibial tuberosity.

What activities commonly lead to Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome?

Common activities include squatting, prolonged knee flexion, and running uphill.

What is the immediate management for Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome?

Immediate management includes rest and avoidance of movements that induce pain.

What causes an ankle sprain?

Ankle sprains often result from sudden inversion of the ankle.

How are ankle sprains commonly identified?

Identification includes observing for swelling and bruising on the lateral side of the ankle.

What is immediate management for an ankle sprain?

Immediate management follows the PRICE principles, with possible immobilization in a brace for severe cases.