Year 9 Science AT4 – Yearly

wavelength

amplitude

How high the wave’s crest is from the equilibrium.

frequency

The amount of wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.

speed

The distance a wave travels in a given time.

resistance

A measure of the opposition to current flow in a circuit.

voltage

The pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons through the circuit and creates current.

series circuit

A circuit with only one path for electrons to flow.

parallel circuit

A circuit with multiple paths for current to flow.

conduction

The process by which heat moves through solids. Heat is passed by the vibrations of molecules.

convection

Heat transfer in liquids or gases through the circular movement of heated, less dense particles rising, and cooler, denser particles sinking.

radiation

The process by which heat travels through a vacuum of gas, in which heat travels as a wave through the vacuum.

photosynthesis word equation

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

respiration word equation

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

diffusion

The movement of particles of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

homeostasis

The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment.

metabolism

All the chemical reactions occurring in the cells that maintain life.

involuntary nervous control

Constantly active, subconscious processes (e.g. breathing, heartbeat, metabolic processes)

voluntary nervous control

Movements you make consciously (e.g. moving an arm or a leg)

endocrine system

All the glands of the body. This system helps regulate hormone production and controls the internal environment of the body.

non-infectious disease

A disease not caused by pathogens and instead caused by your environment (e.g. diet).

infectious disease

A disease caused by a pathogen.

pathogen

An organism that causes disease.

lymphatic system

The body’s last line of defence. Contains macrophages and lymphocytes, and filters out pathogens from the bloodstream.

lymphocytes

White blood cells that create antibodies.

macrophages

White blood cells that consume pathogens.

epidemic

A disease outbreak that occurs within a specific geographical area.

pandemic

A disease outbreak that has spread to multiple geographical areas or even globally.

aim

An experiment to determine the effects of IV on DV.

hypothesis

The IV will ‘do this’ to the DV.

reliability

• repeated trials?

• removed outliers?

• found an average?

accuracy

• how close are you to the known value?

• used appropriate tools? (e.g. beaker, ruler)

validity

v for variables – are all necessary variables kept constant?

parasitism

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits.

commensalism

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

mutualism

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.

symbiotic

Any two different species living in a relationship with each other.

reactants: acid + base

products: salt + water

reactants: acid + metal

products: salt + hydrogen gas

reactants: acid + carbonate

products: salt + water + carbon dioxide