Chapter 10: Cell Division & Mitosis

Preproduction

The process by which cells divide to create new cells for reproduction.

Growth

The increase in size and number of cells through cell division.

Repair

The process of replacing damaged or dead cells through cell division.

Cell Cycle

The series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

Interphase

The preparation period of the cell cycle before mitosis, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

G1 Phase

The first phase of interphase where the cell doubles its organelles and increases in size.

S Phase

The phase of interphase where DNA is synthesized and replicated.

G2 Phase

The phase of interphase where proteins necessary for mitosis are produced.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Cell Cycle Arrest

A halt in the cell cycle at specific checkpoints to ensure proper cell division.

G1/S Checkpoint

A checkpoint that determines if the cell can proceed to DNA synthesis.

PH3 Protein

A protein that can halt the cell cycle to allow for repair.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that occurs when a cell is damaged or no longer needed.

Rb Protein

A protein that regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting the production of proteins necessary for cell division.

G2/M Checkpoint

A checkpoint that must be passed to proceed to mitosis.

Internal Control System

The regulatory mechanisms that control the progression of the cell cycle.

Cyclins

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle in conjunction with CDKs.

CDK (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase)

Enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, phosphorylate target proteins to control the cell cycle.

Key Events

Important processes in the cell cycle, including DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Chromatin

The uncondensed form of DNA that is chaotic and organized within the nucleus.

Chromosomes

Condensed structures of DNA that are visible during cell division.

Diploid

A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2N), totaling 46 in humans.

Haploid

A cell with one set of chromosomes (N), totaling 23 in humans.

Somatic Cells

Non-reproductive cells that undergo mitosis to maintain a constant number of chromosomes.

Prophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell along the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers.