AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

Flashcards for AP Psychology Unit 5, focusing on health psychology, positive psychology, classifying psychological disorders, and related perspectives and models.

Health Psychology

Focuses on how a person's physical health and wellness shape their beliefs and mental processes, considering behaviors, coping strategies, stressors, psychological influences, and community engagement.

Eustress

Positive stress that motivates an individual to take on challenges or perform better on tasks.

Distress

Negative stress that overwhelms an individual, leading to exhaustion.

PTSD

A mental health condition that occurs after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)

Describes how a person's body reacts to stress when confronted with it for a prolonged period, involving alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.

Alarm Stage (GAS)

The first stage of GAS, where the body experiences fight, flight, or freeze response to prepare for the stressor.

Resistance Stage (GAS)

The second stage of GAS, where the body attempts to adapt to the stressor, using more energy.

Exhaustion Stage (GAS)

The third stage of GAS, where the body's energy stores are depleted, weakening the immune system and leading to burnout, fatigue, and illness.

Tend and Befriend Theory

Under stress, some individuals are more likely to protect and care for themselves or others and seek social support from others.

Problem-Focused Coping

An individual views a stressor as a solvable problem, identifies the source, creates a plan, and implements it.

Emotion-Focused Coping

An individual focuses on managing their emotional reactions to the stressor, useful when the source is out of their control.

Positive Psychology

Focuses on understanding what makes life most worth living, examining positive emotions, character strengths, and resilience.

Resilience and Well-being

Psychologists examine how individuals recover from setbacks and maintain positive psychological health in challenging circumstances.

Wisdom (Virtue)

Consists of creativity and curiosity.

Courage (Virtue)

Consists of bravery and integrity.

Humanity (Virtue)

Focuses on interpersonal strengths, such as kindness and love.

Justice (Virtue)

Focuses on leadership.

Temperance (Virtue)

Made up of strengths that protect against excess, such as self-control.

Transcendence (Virtue)

Consists of strengths that connect to a larger meaning, such as hope and gratitude.

Post-Traumatic Growth

Positive psychological changes that occur as a result of challenging or traumatic life events.

Psychological Disorder

A condition characterized by cognitive and emotional disturbances, abnormal behaviors, and impaired functioning.

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

Published by the APA, it provides comprehensive clarification of mental disorders, including symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and statistical data.

ICD (International Classification of Diseases)

Developed by the WHO to create a global standard for classifying all health conditions, including mental and behavioral disorders.

Eclectic Approach

Combining different techniques, theories, and ideas from various psychological perspectives to create a personalized treatment plan.

Behavioral Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Mental disorders stem from maladaptive learned associations between responses and stimuli, which can be modified through interventions.

Psychodynamic Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Psychological disorders originate from unconscious conflicts, often from childhood experiences, leading to repressed feelings and memories.

Humanistic Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Psychological disorder development is due to a lack of social support, failing to achieve potential, or an incongruent self-concept.

Cognitive Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Mental disorders come from maladaptive thought patterns, including distorted beliefs and attitudes.

Evolutionary Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Mental disorders and abnormal behaviors originate in an individual's genetics.

Social-Cultural Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Mental disorders are influenced by social and cultural factors, including group dynamics, sociocultural norms, and interpersonal relationships.

Biological Perspective (Psychological Disorders)

Psychological disorders are primarily driven by psychological and genetic factors.

Bio-Psycho-Social Model

Proposes that the development of a psychological issue is influenced by multiple interconnected factors, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Psychological disorders come from the interaction between genetic or biological vulnerabilities (diathesis) and stressors in life.

Genetic Predispositions

An increased likelihood of developing a particular trait, condition, or disorder due to inherited genetic factors.