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what new technologies were invented/used in the scientific revolution - telescope, microscope, printing press

polemic system - universe was geocentric- earth is fixed with bodies rotation around

copernicus - Heliocentric theory- earth is tilted on an axis

kelper - confirmed copernicus' views along with idea of elliptical orbits

What did Galileo discover? - Four moons of Jupiter, mountains on the moon, sunspots, heavily bodies made from substance materials

Who disagreed with galileo - the church- went against their ideas from the scripture but accepted by other astronomers

principia - Newton's book which established the law of universal gravitation and the laws of motion

Universal Law of Gravitation - objects are attracted to each other with gravity and elliptical orbits

Vesalius and Harvey - dissected human bodies for accurate descriptions and structures

blaise pascal - studies how liquids behave under pressure- used for syringes and hydraulic press

Boyle's Law - volume of has varies with pressure exerted on it

Lavoisier - Father of modern chemistry, system for naming elements

Margaret Cavendish - wrote works on scientific matters- said humans were not masters of nature and was highly regarded

Maria Winkelmann - discovered a comet- taught by an astronomer then married a very famous one

rationalism - chief source of knowledge

descartes - philosophical perspective of natural sciences. focused on doubt and uncertainty of life

Who said "I think, therefore I am"? - Descartes

Scientific Method - procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence to understand the physical world

Francis Bacon - learn nature through inductive reasoning and empireism. wanted human power to conquer nature and for science to benefit industry, agriculture, and trade

general principle - free mind of opinions, observe events, hypotheses, and testing of hypotheses

H in HIPPO - historical context

I in HIPPO - intended audience

P in HIPPO - purpose

second P in HIPPO - point of view (bias)

O in HIPPO - outside information

reason, natural laws, hope, and progress were used to make progress toward - a better society

john locke - believed everyone os born with a blank mind and that the mind was shaped by experiences

newton - world operated due to natural laws- discovered the naturals laws of the physical world by applying scientific method and discovered the natural laws of human society

philosophe - French for "philosopher"; applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment who influenced the western world. had the spirit of rational criticism of religion and politics

who was montesquieu;s baron and what did he believe - Charles Louis de Second- separation of powers

What did Montesquieu try to find - natural laws that govern social and political relationships of humans

What did Montesquieu believe? - the government functions with separation of powers which equals freedom and security

Who was Francois Marie Arouet? - Voltaire

What did Voltaire do and believe - critiqued the christian church and fought against religious intolerance.

Desim - religion on reason and natural law. god=clockmaker and the universe was the clock(agreed with Newton)

Diderot - created the encyclopedia to change way of thinking, spread enlightenment ideals, religious superstition, and for religious tolerance

social sciences - based on newton's methods with economics and political sciences

Adam Smith believed - individuals had freedom to pursue own economic self-interest. the state should leave the economy alone or laissez- faire

Wealth of Nations - by adam smith- free enterprise system. government took care of army, police and upkeep of public works

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed - people had laws to preserved privaste property- not to be enslaved by government

social contract - idea by rousseau. society agreed to be governed by its general will and must abide of the best interest of all. balance between heart and mind

how were women seen - inferior to men

Mary Wollstonecraft - pointed out same people who said monarch over subject is wrong but said it was okay for men to be over women. also said that because women have reason they should have rights in education, economics and poltics

books - taken up again- mostly by middle class. weren't;t cheap but not super expensive

magazines and newspapers - very cheap so for everyone

salons - drawing rooms where enlightenment conversations took place. women were allowed and often hosted them

what did christians do - sought deeper devotion to god= new religious movements

john wesely - methodism- glad tidings of salvation due to own experience. reformed societies for good works. and reformed abolition of slave trade

barque style - very lavish

neoclassical - simple and elegant

barque and neoclassical - very secular and spiritual, lavish with fanciful ornaments

rococo style - secular, grace, charm and gentle curves

hayden - works conveyed universal themes of beginnings and everyday life- classical music

mozart - very famous and child prodigy- classical music