bio exam 2 sem 2 1/

state of physiological conditions in the body (all living things regulate the inside)

homeostasis

stimulus response inc stim or reduce stim is

feedback regulation

2 types of feedback regulation

positive and negative

response to stim reduces stim

negative feedback

response to stim amplifies stim

positive feedback

chemical signaling molec responsible for reculation — messenger of endocrine system

hormones

synaptic signaling involves

neurons

neuroendocrine signaling involves

neurosecretory cells

chem released into external enviro to target individs of the same species

pheromones

3 types of hormoens

polypeptides, steroids, amines

can water sol hormones cross cell membrane

no

reduces stim

negative feedback

inc stim , used for rapid events, less common

positive feedback

hormones via blood , long distance

endocrine

local diffusion to nearby cells

paracrine

self targeting

autocrine

neuron —> NT —> synapse (fast and precise)

synaptic

neuron releases hormones into blood

neuroendocrine

insulin, water sol

polypeptides (protein)

derived from cholesterol, lipid sol

steroids

modifies AA, can be water or lipid sol

amines

water sol hormone pathway : ____ , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, atp, camp, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

hormone travels in blood

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , _________, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, atp, camp, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

binds membrane receptod GPCR

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, _______ activates adenylul cyclase, atp, camp, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

activates G protein,

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, ______e, atp, camp, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

activates adenylul cyclas

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, ___, camp, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

atp

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, atp, ____, protein kinase, changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

camp

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, atp, camp, ____ changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

protein kinase,

water sol hormone pathway : hormone travels in blood , binds membrane receptod GPCR, activates G protein, activates adenylul cyclase, atp, camp, protein kinase,____

changes protein activity (cytoplasm)

in water sol hormone pathway, does the hormone enter the cell

no

is water sol hormone pathway long or short

short

water sol hormone affects

existing protein

lipid sol hormone pathway: ____l, travels bound to transport prot, diffuses into target cell, binds intracellular receptor, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, HRC binds dna, changes gene expression

hormone diffuses out of endocrine cel

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, _____, diffuses into target cell, binds intracellular receptor, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, HRC binds dna, changes gene expression

travels bound to transport prot

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, travels bound to transport prot, _____, binds intracellular receptor, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, HRC binds dna, changes gene expression

diffuses into target cell

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, travels bound to transport prot, diffuses into target cell, ______, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, HRC binds dna, changes gene expression

binds intracellular receptor

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, travels bound to transport prot, diffuses into target cell, binds intracellular receptor, ______, HRC binds dna, changes gene expression

forms hormone receptor complex HRC

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, travels bound to transport prot, diffuses into target cell, binds intracellular receptor, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, ______, changes gene expression

HRC binds dna

lipid sol hormone pathway: hormone diffuses out of endocrine cell, travels bound to transport prot, diffuses into target cell, binds intracellular receptor, forms hormone receptor complex HRC, HRC binds dna, _____

changes gene expression

does lipid sol hp enter cell

yes

is lipid solhp slow

slow and long lasting

does lipid sol hp affect transcription

yes

mechanism of water sol hp

camp

mechanism of lipid sol

gene expression

endocrine origin

endocrine cells

endocrine trigger

chem or internal stim

endocrine signal type

hormones

endocrine transport

bloodstream

endocrine speed

slower

neuroendocrine signal origin

neurons

neuroendocrine trigger

nervous system input

neuroendocrine signal type

neurohormones

neuroendocrine transport

bloodstream after neural activation

neuroendocrine speed

faster initiation, hormone still slower than synapse

endocrine hormonal cascade; ___, AP, endocrine gland, target tissue, response, negative feedback

hypothalamus

endocrine hormonal cascade; hypothalamus, ____, endocrine gland, target tissue, response, negative feedback

AP

endocrine hormonal cascade; hypothalamus, AP, ______, target tissue, response, negative feedback

endocrine gland

endocrine hormonal cascade; hypothalamus, AP, endocrine gland, _____, response, negative feedback

target tissue

endocrine hormonal cascade; hypothalamus, AP, endocrine gland, target tissue, ___ negative feedback

response,

endocrine hormonal cascade; hypothalamus, AP, endocrine gland, target tissue, response, ____

negative feedback

neuroendocrine seq: ___, sensory neuron, hypothalamus, nerve impulse, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, body response

stim

neuroendocrine seq: stim, _____, hypothalamus, nerve impulse, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, body response

sensory neuron

neuroendocrine seq: stim, sensory neuron, ____, nerve impulse, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, body response

hypothalamus

neuroendocrine seq: stim, sensory neuron, hypothalamus,____, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, body response

nerve impulse

neuroendocrine seq: stim, sensory neuron, hypothalamus, nerve impulse,____, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, body response

adrenal medulla

neuroendocrine seq: stim, sensory neuron, hypothalamus, nerve impulse, adrenal medulla, _____, body response

epinephrine/noepinephrine release

neuroendocrine seq: stim, sensory neuron, hypothalamus, nerve impulse, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/noepinephrine release, ____

body response

thyroid axis type

endocrine cascade

thyroid axis speed

slow

thyroid axis stress type

baseline metabolism

thyroid axis hypothal sisnal

TRH

thyroid axis pituitary signal

TSH

thyroid axis final hormones

TH (T3 and T4)

thyroid axis main effects

inc metabolism

adrenal medulla type

neuroendocrine

adrenal medulla speed

fast

adrenal medulla stress type

acute stress

adrenal medulla hypothal sisnal

nerve impulse

adrenal medulla pituitary signal

none

adrenal medulla final hormones

epinephrine, norepinephrine

adrenal medulla effects

fight or flight

adrenal cortex type

endocrine cascade

adrenal cortex speed

slow

adrenal cortex stress type

chronic stress

adrenal cortex hypothal signal

crf

adrenal cortex pituitary signal

acth

adrenal cortex final hormones

cortiocosteroids

adrenal cortex main effects

long term energy and homeostasis

thyroid: ____, TRH, AP, TSH, thyroid, TH, body cells,

hypothal

thyroid: hypothal, ____, AP, TSH, thyroid, TH, body cells,

TRH

thyroid: hypothal, TRH, ___, TSH, thyroid, TH, body cells,

AP

thyroid: hypothal, TRH, AP, ___, thyroid, TH, body cells,

TSH

thyroid: hypothal, TRH, AP, TSH, _____, TH, body cells,

thyroid

thyroid:hypothal, TRH, AP, TSH, thyroid, ___ body cells,

TH

thyroid:hypothal, TRH, AP, TSH, thyroid, TH,___,

body cells

adrenal cortex: stress,______, AP ACTH, adrenal cortex, cortiocosteroids, effects and feedback

hypothalmus CRF

adrenal cortex: stress, hypothalmus CRF,_____ adrenal cortex, cortiocosteroids, effects and feedback

AP ACTH,

adrenal cortex: stress, hypothalmus CRF, AP ACTH, ______, cortiocosteroids, effects and feedback

adrenal cortex

adrenal cortex: stress, hypothalmus CRF, AP ACTH, adrenal cortex, ____ effects and feedback

cortiocosteroids,