Implementation Science

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Implementation Science lecture.

What is Implementation Science focused on?

Understanding what is needed to make evidence work in practice.

Name four terms related to improvement science.

Knowledge mobilization, Knowledge utilization, Quality improvement, Knowledge transfer, Knowledge translation

What are the three ways behavior can change when evidence is implemented?

Replace a behavior, reject a behavior, or adopt a new behavior

What article featured the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist?

A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population, Alex B. Haynes et al, NEJM 2009

What were the results of the NEJM article regarding the Surgical Safety Checklist?

The rate of death was 1.5% before the checklist was introduced and declined to 0.8% afterward. Inpatient complications occurred in 11.0% of patients at baseline and in 7.0% after the checklist.

What was the conclusion of Dr. Lucian Leape, Professor of Health Policy, Harvard, NEJM 2014 regarding the lack of replication?

The likely reason for the failure is that it was not actually used.

What was the most common barrier to implementation of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist, according to Russ et al Ann Surg 2015?

Resistance from senior clinicians.

Name some of the determinants of behavior change.

Knowledge, Skills, Social/professional role and identity, Beliefs about capabilities, Beliefs about consequences, Motivation and goals, Memory, attention and decision processes, Environmental context and resources, Social influences, Emotion, Behavioural regulation, Nature of the behaviours, and other factors

Who created the taxonomy of behavior change techniques (BCTs)?

Susan Michie

What are obstacles to implementation?

Lack of experience in the executors of the implementation plan, Inadequate planning, Disorganised work culture, Poor readiness to change, Poor team structure, Lack of necessary resources, Lack of leadership, Lack of commitment, Lack of prioritisation

Name the key issues in implementation science.

Implementation of evidence-based practice is about behavior change, To achieve change the behavior should be understood, Understanding the behavior leads to the best change techniques, Evidence of benefit does not ensure implementation in practice, Interventions to implement change in health care should be tested