Psychology Chapter 5 Test

Consciousness

The degree of awareness of oneself and one’s environment and cognitive activities.

Selective consciousness

filtering out stimuli, intentional blindness, and change blindness.

Non-conscious

deals with the body function we don’t perceive

Altered states of consciousness

sense of self or world changes

General function of sleep

conserve, restore, process, survive

Circadian Rhythms

Physiological activities that repeat every 24 hours; biological clock.

Sleep cycle

Lasts about 90 minutes and occurs 4 to 6 times during a night of sleep.

Stage 1 of sleep

lighter /transition to sleep.

Stage 2 of sleep

create connections to process and remember new information

Stage 3 of sleep

deeper sleep/recovery and restoration/ boost your immune system/ flush metabolic waste.

Stage 4 of sleep

REM sleep/ lighter sleep/ dream sleep

Effects of Sleep Deprivation (short term)

sluggishness, energy loss, moodiness, hallucinations, and paranoia.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation (long term)

diabetes, high blood pressure, weight gain, Alzheimer's, and cancer.

Dream

mental activity during sleep

(can increase in duration are REM sleep increases)

Psychoanalytic Theory

dreams can provide access to the unconscious: Freud

Biopsychological Approach

dream needed for survival; brain attempts to make sense of random electrical activities

Lucid dreaming

one realizes they are in control of their dreams and can take control.

Dream Incubation

thinking about a problem before going to sleep.

Sleep Disorders

insomnia

sleep apnea

narcolepsy

nightmares

night terrors

sleepwalking/talking.

Insomnia

Difficulty falling asleep.

Sleep Apnea

A condition characterized by stopping breathing during sleep,

often associated with snoring or snorting.

Narcolepsy

A disorder marked by a compulsion to sleep.

Nightmares

Disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep.

Night terrors

intense fear occurring during Non-REM sleep.

Sleepwalking/talking

Behaviors that occur during Non-REM sleep.

REM Sleep Behavior Disorders

Conditions where individuals physically act out their dreams.

Restless Leg Syndrome

twitching of the arms and legs during sleep.

Nocturnal Eating

Eating while sleepwalking.

Exploding Head Syndrome

Experiencing loud sounds while asleep.

Klein-Levin Syndrome

excessive sleep (20+ hours) lasting days to weeks

(sleeping beauty syndrome)

Altered States of Consciousness

meditation

biofeedback

hypnosis

psychoactive drugs

Meditation

narrows consciousness to eliminate distracting thoughts.

Biofeedback

systematically controlling bodily states, often with machine assistance.

Hypnosis

characterized by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility;

can cause changes in perception, self-control, hallucinations, and tolerance to pain.

Psychoactive drugs

Substances that influence perception, thinking, or behavior.

Percent of people that are suggestible

20% to 30%.

1st Level of Consciousness (Freud)

The conscious level

including perceptions and thoughts.

2nd Level of Consciousness (Freud)

The preconscious level,

which includes memories and stored knowledge not currently in awareness.

3rd Level of Consciousness (Freud)

The unconscious level (information that is hidden in your brain),

Selfish Needs, Violent Motives

Non-Conscious: Immoral Urges, Fears, Irrational Wishes, Shameful Experiences, and Unacceptable Desires

Addiction

the body craves a drug or the person becomes dependent on it.

Intoxication

A term synonymous with drunkenness.

Detoxification

removing harmful substances from the body.

Hallucination

A perception of an object or sound that is not real.

Delusions

False beliefs that something is real.

Narcotics

Addictive depressants used to relieve pain and induce sleep, such as morphine and heroin.

Nicotine

most common stimulant

chewed or swallowed,

loss of appetite, hyperactivity, high blood pressure

can cause lung disease and nervousness

Caffeine

drunk or eaten

increases in alertness and energy

can cause jitteriness and irritability

Amphetamines

pills, injections, smoked, snorted

wakefulness, reduced appetite

depression, restlessness, insomnia

Marijuana

smoked, swallowed, eaten

enhanced emotions, sensory illusions

impaired perception and coordination

Ecstacy

Swallowed

increased sensory awareness, mild hallucinations, increased energy

impaired memory, hyperthermia, rapid heartbeat