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Consciousness
The degree of awareness of oneself and one’s environment and cognitive activities.
Selective consciousness
filtering out stimuli, intentional blindness, and change blindness.
Non-conscious
deals with the body function we don’t perceive
Altered states of consciousness
sense of self or world changes
General function of sleep
conserve, restore, process, survive
Circadian Rhythms
Physiological activities that repeat every 24 hours; biological clock.
Sleep cycle
Lasts about 90 minutes and occurs 4 to 6 times during a night of sleep.
Stage 1 of sleep
lighter /transition to sleep.
Stage 2 of sleep
create connections to process and remember new information
Stage 3 of sleep
deeper sleep/recovery and restoration/ boost your immune system/ flush metabolic waste.
Stage 4 of sleep
REM sleep/ lighter sleep/ dream sleep
Effects of Sleep Deprivation (short term)
sluggishness, energy loss, moodiness, hallucinations, and paranoia.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation (long term)
diabetes, high blood pressure, weight gain, Alzheimer's, and cancer.
Dream
mental activity during sleep
(can increase in duration are REM sleep increases)
Psychoanalytic Theory
dreams can provide access to the unconscious: Freud
Biopsychological Approach
dream needed for survival; brain attempts to make sense of random electrical activities
Lucid dreaming
one realizes they are in control of their dreams and can take control.
Dream Incubation
thinking about a problem before going to sleep.
Sleep Disorders
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
nightmares
night terrors
sleepwalking/talking.
Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep.
Sleep Apnea
A condition characterized by stopping breathing during sleep,
often associated with snoring or snorting.
Narcolepsy
A disorder marked by a compulsion to sleep.
Nightmares
Disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep.
Night terrors
intense fear occurring during Non-REM sleep.
Sleepwalking/talking
Behaviors that occur during Non-REM sleep.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorders
Conditions where individuals physically act out their dreams.
Restless Leg Syndrome
twitching of the arms and legs during sleep.
Nocturnal Eating
Eating while sleepwalking.
Exploding Head Syndrome
Experiencing loud sounds while asleep.
Klein-Levin Syndrome
excessive sleep (20+ hours) lasting days to weeks
(sleeping beauty syndrome)
Altered States of Consciousness
meditation
biofeedback
hypnosis
psychoactive drugs
Meditation
narrows consciousness to eliminate distracting thoughts.
Biofeedback
systematically controlling bodily states, often with machine assistance.
Hypnosis
characterized by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility;
can cause changes in perception, self-control, hallucinations, and tolerance to pain.
Psychoactive drugs
Substances that influence perception, thinking, or behavior.
Percent of people that are suggestible
20% to 30%.
1st Level of Consciousness (Freud)
The conscious level
including perceptions and thoughts.
2nd Level of Consciousness (Freud)
The preconscious level,
which includes memories and stored knowledge not currently in awareness.
3rd Level of Consciousness (Freud)
The unconscious level (information that is hidden in your brain),
Selfish Needs, Violent Motives
Non-Conscious: Immoral Urges, Fears, Irrational Wishes, Shameful Experiences, and Unacceptable Desires
Addiction
the body craves a drug or the person becomes dependent on it.
Intoxication
A term synonymous with drunkenness.
Detoxification
removing harmful substances from the body.
Hallucination
A perception of an object or sound that is not real.
Delusions
False beliefs that something is real.
Narcotics
Addictive depressants used to relieve pain and induce sleep, such as morphine and heroin.
Nicotine
most common stimulant
chewed or swallowed,
loss of appetite, hyperactivity, high blood pressure
can cause lung disease and nervousness
Caffeine
drunk or eaten
increases in alertness and energy
can cause jitteriness and irritability
Amphetamines
pills, injections, smoked, snorted
wakefulness, reduced appetite
depression, restlessness, insomnia
Marijuana
smoked, swallowed, eaten
enhanced emotions, sensory illusions
impaired perception and coordination
Ecstacy
Swallowed
increased sensory awareness, mild hallucinations, increased energy
impaired memory, hyperthermia, rapid heartbeat
