Stains

Direct Staining

METHODS OF STAINING:

• process of giving color to the sections using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions

• ONLY ONE DYE USED.

Indirect Staining

METHODS OF STAINING:

• The action of the dye intensifies by adding another agent

Mordant

• It serves as a link for the staining reaction to become more visible

• Forms a lake , which combines with the tissue to form a complex

Accentuator

It does not participate in the staining reaction, but SPEEDS UP the staining reaction.

• Progressive Staining

• _{^{Regressive Staining}}

• _{^{Orthochromatic Staining}}

• _{^{Metachromatic Staining}}

METHODS OF STAINING:

• Tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence

• Staining solution is applied until desired intensity of color

• _{^{Progressive Staining}}

• Regressive Staining

• _{^{Orthochromatic Staining}}

• _{^{Metachromatic Staining}}

METHODS OF STAINING:

• The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular details

• Excess stain is removed from

• _{^{Progressive Staining}}

• _{^{Regressive Staining}}

• Orthochromatic Staining

• _{^{Metachromatic Staining}}

METHODS OF STAINING:

• Color shades of the dye will stain the tissue similarly

• _{^{Progressive Staining}}

• _{^{Regressive Staining}}

• _{^{Orthochromatic Staining}}

• Metachromatic Staining

METHODS OF STAINING:

• Stains the tissues with different color from the dye

• Vital Staining

• _{^{Supravital Staining}}

• _{^{Intravital Staining}}

METHODS OF STAINING:

• Inclusions of live cells are stained

• _{^{Vital Staining}}

• Supravital Staining

• _{^{Intravital Staining}}

METHODS OF STAINING:

• Living cells are stained after being removed from the body

• _{^{Vital Staining}}

• _{^{Supravital Staining}}

• Intravital Staining

METHODS OF STAINING:

• staining cells while still part of the body

• H and E _^—general

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• General Evaluation

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Glomerular Cell

• Basement Membrane

• Mesangium

• tubular basement

• Hyaline (RED COLOR)

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• Silver methenamine (Jones) _{^{—basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Basement Details (BLACK COLOR)

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• Masson’s Trichrome _{^{—Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Extracelllar glomerular matrix and tubular basement membranes (BLUE or GREEN)

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• Congo Red _^—amyloid

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Amyloid

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• Von Kossa _{^{—-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Calcification

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• Acid Fuschin-orange G _{^{—-protein deposition}}

• _{^{Sirus Red —-fibrosis}}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Protein Deposition

• _{^{H and E —general}}

• _{^{Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) —hyaline red}}

• _{^{Silver methenamine (Jones) —basement details (black)}}

• _{^{Masson’s Trichrome —Blue or green}}

• _{^{Congo Red —amyloid}}

• _{^{Von Kossa —-calcification}}

• _{^{Acid Fuschin-orange G —-protein deposition}}

• Sirus Red _{^—-fibrosis}

SPECIFIC STAIN:

• Fibrosis

• Hematoxylin = blue-purple _{^{(nucleic acid)}}

• Eosin = pink _^(cytoplasm)

COLOR OF:

• Hematoxylin

• Eosin

• Hematoxylin (Violet)

  • Basic

  • Affinity to acidic structures (nucleic acid)

• Eosin 50 (light blue)

  • Acidic

  • cytoplasm

• Orange G 6 (Orange)

  • Acidic

  • Superficial Squamous cell (keratinized)

STAINS IN PAP SMEAR:

Perl’s Prussian Blue

HITOCHEMICAL STAIN:

• Stains Iron

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

HITOCHEMICAL STAIN:

• Stains Carbohydrates

• PAS

• Alcian Blue

• Rapid Mucin

[P.A.R]

STAINS FOR CARBOHYDRATES:

Oil Red O

STAINS FOR LIPIDS or TAGS