Cell Bio: chapter 7 quiz (slide 50 END)

What are the two ways RNA and DNA are different from each other

1. has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose 2. RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

RNA specific structures

Can form “conventional” base pairs on the same molecule as well as “unconventional” base pairing like with G and U.

Transcription is mediated by which enzyme

RNA polymerase

RNA strand made after transcription

RNA transcript

Coding strand

The strand that is identical to the RNA transcript but is DNA and not RNA.

Template Strand

The strand that is replicated to make an RNA version of the coding strand.

substrate of RNA polymerase

ribonucleoside triphosphates

RNA polymerase direction

5’ to 3’

T or F Multiple RNA copies can be made from the same gene

T

T or F RNA polymerase requires primer

F

mRNA function:

codes for protein

tRNA function

mediates between amino acids and mRNA during protein synthesis

rRNA function

building blocks for ribosomes

\+1

start site

Upstream

left or negative

Downstream

right or positive

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

RNA polymerase + sigma factor

Goku

Goku

Binding motifs on the promoter

\-10 (TATA box) and -35

The 3 phases of transcription

initiation, elongation, termination

Initiation progression in prokaryotes

sigma factor makes RNA polymerase holoenzyme. Sigma factor then binds to promoter region. RNA poly. unwinds DNA and begins transcription

Elongation progression

after around 10 nucleotides then RNA poly. breaks interaction between promoter and then sigma factor. The just RNA synthesis

Termination Progression in Prokaryotes

RNA poly. reaches termination signal, hair pin structure forms which frees the RNA

RNA polymerase I makes

Pre-rRNA

RNA polymerase II makes

Pre-mRNA

RNA polymerase III makes

tRNA

TFIID: TBP

recognizes TATA box

TFIIH

Helices activity and kinase activity (phosphorylation of CTD)

TATA box location in Eukaryotes

\-35 to -25

TBP binds where and causes what?

80˚ Bending at the TATA box

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes

TBP subunit of TFIID locates and binds to TATA box then the other transcription factors assemble at the promoter and then the RNA polymerase. The TFIIH unwinds the DNA and adds phosphate groups to the CTD cause the RNA polymerase to move forward.

In prokaryotes transcription and translation occur in?

The same place

post transcription mRNA modification

1. 5’ cap, methyl guanine cap
2. 3’ tail , repeated adenine nucleotides
3. iron spliced out

T or F prokaryote have introns and exons

F

splicing step

1. Specific adenine within attacks and covalently bonds with 5’ end of intron
2. released -OH from the 3’ end attacks the 5’ end of the exon forcing the intron as a lariat structure

Mature mRNA exits through the ______ but requires binding to ______ to do so and then it _______ when it hits the cystol

Nuclear pore, nuclear export receptor, unbinds

Codon

group of three nucleotides

AUG

methionine, the start codon

________ region complements with codon in mRNA.

Anticodon

An amino acid attaches where on tRNA

3’ single strand region