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What organs are involved in the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What does the kidney do
filter blood and remove waste (urea), regulate ion concentration (regulate pH of blood), regulate water in blood (blood pressure)
What organs drain what (ureters drains the _?)
ureters drain kidneys, urethra drains bladder
What is the anatomy of the kidney
renal capsule - dense irregular ct, physically protects kidney; adipose capsule - cushions kidney; renal fascia - moderate dense ct, anchors kidneys to surrounding structures; renal cortex - filter blood (glomeruli and convoluted tubules); renal column; renal medulla (renal pyramids and collecting duct) - urine concentration (loops of henle); renal calyx - funnels urine out; renal pelvis
List the blood vessels of the kidneys
renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobal arteries (between pyramids), arcuate arteries (corticomedullary junction), interlobal arteries (into cortex), interlobular veinsm arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein
What is the anatomy of a nephron and arteries
bowman’s capsule (glomerlar capsule), proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the loops of henle, ascending limb of the loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, afferent arterioles, glomerulus (fenestrated capillaries), efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta
Describe the glomerulus
bowman’s capsule, simple squamous et; function: remove plasma, proteins, ions, nutrients, wastes, ect. (no rbcs/wbcs, plateles, hormones), form glomular ultrafiltrate (becomes urine); contains prodocytes - filtration slits
Describe the proximal convoluted tubule
simple cuboidal et with microvilli; function: reabsorb nutrients (glucose), travel with water to the peritubular capillaries
Describe the descending loop of henle
simple squamous et; function: reabsorb water, go to vaso recta
Describe the ascending loop of henle
simple cuboidal et; function: reabsorb ions (Na, K), goes to vaso recta
Describe the distal convoluted tubule
simple cuboidal et; function: perfects urine - reabsorbs and secret4es (under influence of hormones)
What is glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomerli and small bvs; cause: glomerulus gets clogged because of too much protein (from too many anti-bodies)
What is kidney stones
high calcium concentration that form crystals in the kidney, can block ureter (cant pee); cause: dehydration; treatment: lithotripsy (ultra sound waves that break it down), stent
What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
cysts all over the kidney, genetic
What is hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
hemodialysis: filters blooding external membrane; peritoneal dialysis: fills peritoneal cavity then drains
Describe the ureter (tissues)
transitional et (can stretch), lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis externa: circular and longitudinal fibers are mixed (perstalsis), adventitia
Describe the bladder
transitional et - organized into rugae, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis externa: detrosor muscle (smooth muscle)
What is the trigone in the bladder
the triangular base of the bladder
What is a bladder infection
when there is bacteria in the bladder/urine
What is the length of the urethra for men and women
men: 20 cm; women: 4 cm (prone to UTI and it moving up)
Describe the urethra (spincters)
internal urethral sphincter (smooth, involuntary), external urethral sphincter (skeletal, voluntary)