Urinary System

What organs are involved in the urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

What does the kidney do

filter blood and remove waste (urea), regulate ion concentration (regulate pH of blood), regulate water in blood (blood pressure)

What organs drain what (ureters drains the _?)

ureters drain kidneys, urethra drains bladder

What is the anatomy of the kidney

renal capsule - dense irregular ct, physically protects kidney; adipose capsule - cushions kidney; renal fascia - moderate dense ct, anchors kidneys to surrounding structures; renal cortex - filter blood (glomeruli and convoluted tubules); renal column; renal medulla (renal pyramids and collecting duct) - urine concentration (loops of henle); renal calyx - funnels urine out; renal pelvis

List the blood vessels of the kidneys

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobal arteries (between pyramids), arcuate arteries (corticomedullary junction), interlobal arteries (into cortex), interlobular veinsm arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

What is the anatomy of a nephron and arteries

bowman’s capsule (glomerlar capsule), proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the loops of henle, ascending limb of the loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, afferent arterioles, glomerulus (fenestrated capillaries), efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

Describe the glomerulus

bowman’s capsule, simple squamous et; function: remove plasma, proteins, ions, nutrients, wastes, ect. (no rbcs/wbcs, plateles, hormones), form glomular ultrafiltrate (becomes urine); contains prodocytes - filtration slits

Describe the proximal convoluted tubule

simple cuboidal et with microvilli; function: reabsorb nutrients (glucose), travel with water to the peritubular capillaries

Describe the descending loop of henle

simple squamous et; function: reabsorb water, go to vaso recta

Describe the ascending loop of henle

simple cuboidal et; function: reabsorb ions (Na, K), goes to vaso recta

Describe the distal convoluted tubule

simple cuboidal et; function: perfects urine - reabsorbs and secret4es (under influence of hormones)

What is glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomerli and small bvs; cause: glomerulus gets clogged because of too much protein (from too many anti-bodies)

What is kidney stones

high calcium concentration that form crystals in the kidney, can block ureter (cant pee); cause: dehydration; treatment: lithotripsy (ultra sound waves that break it down), stent

What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

cysts all over the kidney, genetic

What is hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

hemodialysis: filters blooding external membrane; peritoneal dialysis: fills peritoneal cavity then drains

Describe the ureter (tissues)

transitional et (can stretch), lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis externa: circular and longitudinal fibers are mixed (perstalsis), adventitia

Describe the bladder

transitional et - organized into rugae, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis externa: detrosor muscle (smooth muscle)

What is the trigone in the bladder

the triangular base of the bladder

What is a bladder infection

when there is bacteria in the bladder/urine

What is the length of the urethra for men and women

men: 20 cm; women: 4 cm (prone to UTI and it moving up)

Describe the urethra (spincters)

internal urethral sphincter (smooth, involuntary), external urethral sphincter (skeletal, voluntary)