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20 Terms

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Mughal Empire
A powerful dynasty in India from 1526 to 1857 known for cultural achievements, architectural masterpieces, and religious tolerance.
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Akbar the Great
Mughal emperor of India from 1556 to 1605, known for his policy of conquest and for enlarging the empire.
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Ming Dynasty
Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644.
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Tokugawa Shogunate
Dynasty of shoguns that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867.
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absolute monarchs
Kings or queens with unlimited power who attempted to control all aspects of society.
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Divine Right
The idea that monarchs are God's representatives on Earth and answerable only to God.
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Mercantilism
An economic theory that believed a country's wealth and power were best increased by accumulating gold and silver through a positive balance of trade.
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Palace of Versailles
Opulent royal residence built by Louis XIV, symbolizing absolute monarchy.
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Ivan the Terrible
Grand Duke of Russia (1530-1584), known for instituting a campaign of terror against disfavored boyars.
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Peter the Great
Czar of Russia from 1682 to 1725 who modernized Russia and implemented reforms.
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social contract
An agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights to create an organized society.
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Philosophes
Group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment.
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Rationalism
Belief that truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking.
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Diderot
French philosopher and writer, chief editor of the Encyclopédie.
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salon
Social gathering of intellectuals and artists during the Enlightenment.
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Enlightened despots
18th-century European monarchs inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly.
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Frederick the Great
King of Prussia known for expanding territory and promoting religious tolerance.
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heliocentric theory
The idea that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
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Scientific Revolution
A major change in European thought characterized by careful observation and questioning of accepted beliefs.
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absolute monarchy
A form of government where the monarch has unrestricted power.