ANHB1101__Bones__Joint___Movement_

Skeletal System

The framework of the body formed by bones.

Radial Artery

An artery located close to the radius bone of the forearm.

Ulna Nerve

A nerve named for its proximity to the ulna, the medial bone of the forearm.

Long Bones

Bones greater in length than width.

Short Bones

Cube-shaped bones that are nearly equal in length and width.

Flat Bones

Thin bones that provide protection and extensive areas for muscle attachment.

Irregular Bones

Bones that have complex shapes.

Sesamoid Bones

Bones that develop in certain tendons where there is friction, tension, and stress.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system that protects internal organs.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system primarily responsible for movement.

Musculoskeletal System

The system formed by bones, muscles, and joints.

Pectoral Girdle

Bone structure that connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Pelvic Girdle

Bone structure that connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Flexion

Movement towards the ventral surface, usually decreasing the joint angle.

Extension

Movement towards the dorsal surface, usually increasing the joint angle.

Hyperextension

Extension movement which goes past the anatomical position.

Abduction

Movement away from the midsagittal plane.

Adduction

Movement towards the midsagittal plane.

Rotation

Movement of a bone where it spins on its longitudinal axis.

Circumduction

Movement where the proximal end is stationary and the distal end describes a circle.

Pronation

Movement of the forearm where the palm faces posteriorly.

Supination

Movement of the forearm where the palm faces anteriorly.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot where the toes are lifted off the ground.

Plantar Flexion

Movement of the foot to stand on the toes.

Elevation

Movement that raises a body part.

Depression

Movement that lowers a body part.

Eversion

Movement raising the lateral side of the foot off the ground.

Inversion

Movement raising the medial side of the foot off the ground.

Protraction

Movement that moves a body part anteriorly.

Retraction

Movement that moves a body part posteriorly.

Cervical Vertebrae

Seven vertebrae located in the neck region.

Thoracic Vertebrae

Twelve vertebrae located in the chest region that articulate with ribs.

Lumbar Vertebrae

Five large vertebrae located in the lower back.

Sacrum

Triangular bone formed by the fusion of sacral vertebrae.

Coccyx

Triangular bone formed by fusion of coccygeal vertebrae, considered a vestigial tail.

Cranial Bones

Bones of the skull including frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.

Facial Bones

Bones that make up the face, including maxilla and mandible.

Foramen Magnum

The large hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Vertebral Column

A series of bones called vertebrae that make up the spine.

Coxal Bones

Bones of the pelvic girdle that articulate with the sacrum.

Ilium

The uppermost and largest part of the coxal bone.

Ischium

The lower part of the coxal bone.

Pubis

The anterior part of the coxal bone.

Clavicle

Bone that articulates with the scapula and sternum.

Scapula

Bone that articulates with the humerus and clavicle.

Humerus

The bone of the upper arm or forelimb.

Tibia

The larger bone of the lower leg.

Fibula

The smaller bone of the lower leg.

Metacarpals

The bones of the hand located between the wrist and the fingers.