AP European History Chapter 13 and 15

The Industrial Revolution fueled British investments all over the world but especially in ___

the Americas

A population explosion in Europe saw France grow, from 1831 to 1851, from 32.5 million people to ___ million people.

35.8

In most Western European nations, other than Britain, manufacturing in the 1830s took place in ___

cities

The process by which workers became a commodity in the labor marketplace is called ___

proletarianization

By the late 1830s, many British workers hung their hopes for reform on a platform known as ___

Chartism

The most radical political element in the European working class was ___

artisans

Early factory owners permitted a man to employ his ___ as assistants.

wife and children

The English Factory Act of 1833 forbade the employment of children under the age of ___ years.

9

What disadvantage did many women who assisted their husbands in textile factories during the 1820s and 1830s experience?

They often did less skilled work than they had in the family economy.

In France by about 1850, the largest group of employed women worked ___

on the land

In the domestic system of textile production, hand spinning was performed by ___

women

Which of the following is a tradition that survived the shift from a family economy to an industrial era?

most women brought a dowry to their marriage

Which European city was the first to have an organized police force?

Paris

Criminal activity in Europe steadily escalated before reaching a plateau around ___

1880

Who was most concerned about crime and criminals during the nineteenth century?

the elite

Which change in conditions describes the prisons that emerged in Europe during the mid-1800s?

individual cells and long periods of separation and silence among prisoners

Who was Elizabeth Fry?

a reformer who exposed the horrible conditions in prisons in England

In the 1840s, the goal of prisons shifted from ___ to ___.

punishment; rehabilitation

What classical economist is associated with utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham

Who was Karl Marx's collaborator in the writing of The Communist Manifesto?

Friedrich Engels

Charles Fourier believed that workers were more productive when they ___

worked on different tasks

Robert Owen advocated for ___

more humane industrial environments

The revolutions of 1848 began in ___

France

The most radical group of female revolutionary women in France in the 1840s called themselves the ___

Vesuvians

During the Magyar revolt in Hungary, the Hungarians tried to annex ___

Transylvania

The migration from the countryside during the nineteenth century produced a situation in which ___

the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity

Improvements in the railway system meant that ___

there was a shortage of consumer goods at affordable prices

The French Revolution and the wars of Napoleon influenced the development of the Industrial Revolution by ___

Setting back the French economy and French industrialization

Liberal reformers hoped that legal revolutions in land ownership would result in ___

peasants becoming more industrious and progressive farmers

In the new labor marketplace, workers __

had no say about product quality

Proletarianization was closely linked to ___ and ___

industrialization; urbanization

In the 1830s, workers became concerned about child laborers because ___

parents no longer exercised authority over their own children in factories

The shift from the family working together as a unit of production to family members working separately or individually ___

began the shift to the family as a unit of consumption

During the early years of the Industrial Revolution, the wages of most British women who worked in factories were ___

lower than male workers

Many factories hired unmarried women and children because ___

they were willing to work for less than men

The decade of the 1820s saw an increase in women working in textile factories. Their new jobs required ___

fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work

During the nineteenth century, the domestic division of labor into specific gender patterns prevailed among the ___

working, middle, and upper classes

The industrial economy led to the development of gender-determined roles because it ___

allowed many families to live on the wages of the male spouse

In the late eighteenth century, Britain began transporting criminals to Australia as an alternative to ___

capital punishment

Classical economists advocated growth through ___

free enterprise

The goal of the German Zollverein was to create ___

better conditions for commerce

The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was an example of the implementation of ___

classical economic theory

A group of writers who helped to define the social question were called ___ by their critics.

utopian socialists

What was the name given to the group of activists who rejected industry and government?

anarchists

One source of inspiration for The Communist Manifesto was ___

French utopian socialism

German conservatives gained power by playing on conflicts between ___

liberals and the working class

The revolutions of 1848 and 1849 ___

failed to establish liberal or national states

A profound split between the German working class and German liberals was marked by ___

the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament

Nationalism was a particularly strong factor in the revolutions of 1848 among the ___ people.

German

Which of the following events helped the political liberals in France gain the support of the working class?

the poor harvests of 1846 and 1847

Chartism focused on reforms concerning ___

suffrage

Which of the following statements about gender roles during the early Industrial Revolution is true?

Family discipline shifted away from mothers.

What do hulks and the Auburn system have in common?

both were penal methods

Henri de Saint-Simon was typical of the utopian socialists in ___

engaging in both social and economic experimentation

Which of the following best explains why a worker in Great Britain might have rejected Marx's ideas by the last half of the nineteenth century?

Workers had benefited from the existing industrial system.

By the mid-nineteenth century, the nation with the most extensive rail network was ___

Britain

Workers who held jobs but made little more than subsistence wages were called ___

labor poor

The practice of making goods, such as shoes, in standard sizes and styles rather than by special order was known in France as ___

confection

The labor movement in the nineteenth century abandoned the ___ system, which had allowed workers to gain control over a number of factors surrounding their employment.

guild

The English Factory Act of 1833 made the factory owner responsible for providing ___ hours of education for children age nine to thirteen.

2

A major shift in the family and factory structure, characterized by an increase in the size of machinery and factories, began in the mid-___

1820s

The wage economy led to higher birthrates, most likely because children were considered a(n) ___

economic asset

In the nineteenth century, as a result of the vulnerability caused by the economic transformations taking place, the low wages of female workers sometimes led them to become ___ to supplement their income.

prostitutes

Legislation that established the London police force was sponsored by ___

Sir Robert Peel

The practice of sending prisoners overseas was called ___

transportation

The theory of ___ was based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

utilitarianism

In 1834, most German states formed a trading union called the ___

Zollverein

Ships used as prisons were called ___

hulks

Saint-Simonianism is a type of ___

utopian socialist

The community of ___, Indiana, in the United States was created as an ideal industrial community.

New Harmony

Between 1846 and 1932, how many citizens did

Europe lose to emigration?

A. about 20 million

B. about 35 million

C. about 50 million

D. about 100 million

C

After 1910, population growth in Europe

________.

A. declined or stayed the same

B. increased slightly

C. stayed the same

D. increased dramatically

A

One of the main destinations in Africa for many

Europeans was ________.

A. Egypt

B. Palestine

C. modern-day Zimbabwe

D. South Africa

D

Popular destinations in the Americas for many

Europeans were ________.

A. the United States, Canada, and Brazil

B. the United States, Mexico, and Canada

C. the United States, Mexico, and Brazil

D. the United States, Canada, and Ecuador

A

What labor-related term was coined in the latter

half of the nineteenth century?

A. service sector

B. contract workers

C. binding arbitration

D. unemployment

D

The first bicycles were made of ________.

A. rubber

B. wood

C. metal

D. plastic

B

The first major public power plant in Europe was

constructed in ________.

A. Great Britain

B. Belgium

C. France

D. Germany

A

What country was a leader in forging the link

between scientific research and industrial

development?

A. Great Britain

B. Italy

C. France

D. Germany

D

The petite bourgeoisie was made up of

________.

A. entrepreneurs

B. professional people

C. large business owners

D. white-collar workers

D

During the second half of the nineteenth century,

the middle classes ________.

A. grew increasingly diverse

B. lost political power

C. made political alliances with the working classes

D. grew increasingly hostile to imperialism

A

Small shop owners considered which of the

following a threat?

A. unions

B. banks

C. department stores

D. consumers

C

Which of the following was considered a white-

collar worker?

A. librarian

B. lower-level government bureaucrat

C. schoolteacher

D. shopkeeper

B

Starting around midcentury, urban planners

devised cities that were dominated by ________.

A. housing for the working class

B. manufacturing centers

C. commerce, government, and entertainment

venues

D. a concern for historical preservation

C

Who did Napoleon III appoint to redesign Paris,

with a partial goal of widening the streets to

make for an easier response to insurrections?

A. Baron Georges Haussmann

B. Edwin Chadwick

C. Louis René

D. Pierre-Charles L'Enfant

A

By 1910, which European city had the highest

population?

A. Berlin

B. London

C. Paris

D. Vienna

B

In the nineteenth century, cholera struck

________.

A. the lower class only

B. the lower and middle classes

C. mainly the middle and upper classes

D. all classes

D

Which of the following groups offered economic

incentives to build housing for the poor?

A. religious organizations

B. nonprofit organizations

C. businesses and philanthropists

D. businesses and religious organizations

C

Most countries prohibited women from

becoming ________ until after World War I.

A. doctors

B. lawyers

C. schoolteachers

D. nurses

B

The name given to the practice by Russian police

and right-wing groups of conducting riots against

the Jews was ________.

A. diaspora

B. pogrom

C. ghettos

D. anti-Semitism

B

In the last two decades of the nineteenth century,

many Jews in Germany began experiencing the

effects of ________.

A. pogroms

B. organized anti-Semitism

C. ghettos

D. transportation

B

The emancipation of Jews brought ________.

A. the abolition of serfdom

B. equal or nearly equal citizenship and social status

C. the cessation of pogroms

D. increased representation in government

B

Anti-Semitism was strongest under ________

rule in the late 1800s.

A. French

B. Russian

C. Polish

D. British

B

The emancipation of the Jews began in the

________.

A. seventeenth century and was completed by the

end of the nineteenth century

B. eighteenth century and was completed by the end

of the nineteenth century

C. nineteenth century and was completed by the end

of the century

D. eighteenth century and was never fully

completed

D

The Fabian Society ________.

A. took a radical approach to social reform

B. took its name from American John Fabian

C. was Britain's most influential socialist group

D. was France's most influential socialist group

C

Count Sergei Witte ________.

A. worked to industrialize Russia

B. was part of the landed aristocracy of Russia that

opposed industrialization

C. was unpopular with the tsar

D. was an early Bolshevik

A

What was a key contributory factor to the

migration of Europeans in the 1800s?

A. better transportation systems outside of Europe

B. the emancipation of peasants

C. the increased cost of land in Europe

D. lower wages in Europe than elsewhere

B

After 1885, emigration patterns in Europe

changed in terms of _______.

A. social status of emigrants

B. economic status of emigrants

C. emigrant's country of origin

D. the dominant religion of emigrants

C

European migration ________ Europe because

________.

A. hurt; it created a labor shortage

B. hurt; it created a brain drain of highly skilled

workers

C. shamed; it undercut its image of superiority

D. benefited; it relieved social and population

pressures

D

The Second Industrial Revolution was

characterized by ________.

A. the expansion of railway systems in Europe

B. the development of new industries on the

Continent

C. the spread of industries similar to those in Great

Britain

D. massive unemployment

B

The Second Industrial Revolution was associated

with ________.

A. textiles, plastics, and railroads

B. steel, chemicals, and electricity

C. steam, iron, and electricity

D. iron, chemicals, and railroads

B