Ethics, Jurisprudence and Legal Aspects for Radiologic Technologists

Flashcards cover key legal, ethical, and professional concepts relevant to Radiologic Technologists, including patient rights, contract law, torts, doctrines, Philippine statutes (RA 7431), criminal classifications, and ethical principles.

What are the four primary responsibilities of Radiologic Technologists toward society?

To promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and alleviate suffering.

Define a patient’s right concerning personal information handled by radiologic technologists.

Patients have the right to confidentiality; technologists must use judgement when sharing any personal information.

What is a contract?

A mutually agreed-upon promise between two or more parties to do something in exchange for consideration.

Name the four basic types of contracts.

Formal, Informal, Express, Implied.

List the essential requisites of a valid contract.

Two or more parties, freely-given consent, specific object or subject, cause/consideration, legal capacity, sound mind, absence of force or intimidation.

What is a breach of contract?

Violation or prevention of performance of any term of a valid contract.

During what mental state is consent to a contract considered valid?

During a lucid interval when the person is of sound mind.

What is the NLRC?

National Labor Relations Commission.

What makes a contract void ab initio?

It produces no legal effect and is considered nonexistent in the eyes of the law.

Under what circumstances is a contract unenforceable?

Lack of authority, non-compliance with the Statute of Frauds, or both parties being legally incapacitated.

What branch of government enacts statutory laws?

The Legislature (Congress).

In civil law, what level of proof is required to prevail?

Preponderance of evidence.

In criminal law, what level of proof is required for conviction?

Beyond a reasonable doubt.

What is the Good Samaritan Law for medical personnel?

It protects physicians and radiologic technologists from liability when giving emergency aid in good faith.

Define ‘tort’.

A private or civil wrong independent of contract for which the court provides a remedy in damages.

Differentiate slander from libel.

Slander is oral defamation; libel is written or printed defamation.

What doctrine states “let the master answer”?

Doctrine of Respondeat Superior.

Explain the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur.

Presumes negligence when an injury-causing instrumentality was under the defendant’s control and such accidents ordinarily don’t occur without negligence.

What maxim means ignorance of the law excuses no one?

Ignorantia juris non excusat.

What are the four elements (4 D’s) of negligence?

Duty, Dereliction, Direct Causation, Damage.

Define malpractice in radiologic technology.

Negligent or unskilled professional conduct or acting beyond professional standards with serious consequences.

What is the legal term for an imminent threat of harmful contact?

Assault.

What is battery in legal terms?

Actual unconsented touching following an assault.

Give an example of an intentional tort relevant to healthcare.

False imprisonment of a patient without legal justification.

What penalties correspond to arresto menor?

Imprisonment from 1 day to 30 days.

Describe a consummated felony.

All acts necessary for the crime are executed and the criminal objective is achieved.

What are the requisites of dolo (intentional felony)?

Freedom, intelligence, and intent.

List two circumstances that completely justify a crime under Philippine law.

Self-defense (with unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity, lack of provocation) and fulfillment of a lawful duty.

At what age is a child exempt from criminal liability under R.A. 9344?

Below 9 years old.

Define aggravating circumstance.

A condition attending a crime that increases the offender’s liability or severity of punishment.

What crime is defined as forcible sexual intercourse without consent?

Rape.

What is bigamy?

Contracting a second marriage while the first marriage is still legally in force.

Name the act that regulates the practice of Radiologic Technology in the Philippines.

Republic Act 7431 (Radiologic Technology Act of 1992).

How many members comprise the Board of Radiologic Technology?

Four members plus one chairman (total of five).

State one qualification to sit on the Board of Radiologic Technology.

Must be a Filipino citizen and resident of the Philippines (others include good moral character, at least 30 years old, not a faculty member, etc.).

What is required for legal patient consent to a procedure?

Sound mind & legal age, freely given, and adequately informed about the procedure.

Who is considered the Father of Radiologic Technology education in the Philippines?

Norberto Palomo.

What is the difference between robbery and theft?

Robbery involves force or intimidation, while theft does not involve forcible entry.

Which doctrine excuses liability for unforeseeable natural disasters?

Doctrine of Force Majeure (Act of God).

What crime involves altering a document for deceit?

Forgery.

Define euthanasia in legal terminology.

Mercy killing; the painless ending of the life of a person suffering from an incurable disease (considered homicide in Philippine law).

What is subpoena duces tecum?

A court order compelling a witness to bring specified documents.

What is perjury?

Willful telling of a lie under oath.

What is a holographic will?

A will entirely written, dated, and signed in the handwriting of the testator.

What does ‘lex dura sed lex’ mean?

The law may be harsh, but it is still the law.

Name the three fundamental freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights section of the notes.

Freedom of worship, freedom of speech, freedom to vote.

What administrative body licenses professionals in the Philippines?

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

Which resolution adopted the seal/logo for the Board of Radiologic Technology?

Resolution #1, May 12, 1993.

What is required to practice X-ray technology under R.A. 7431?

A Certificate of Registration issued by the Board.

Define civil case versus criminal case in terms of parties.

Civil case: complainant vs. defendant; criminal case: plaintiff (state) vs. accused.

What does the term ‘plaintiff’ mean?

The party bringing a lawsuit against another.

What constitutes hearsay evidence?

Second-hand information or rumors not admissible in court.

Explain ‘due process’.

A fair and orderly legal procedure designed to protect individual rights.

What is the minimum composition of evidence in civil law to win a case?

Preponderance of evidence.

Identify the stages of a crime.

Attempted, Frustrated, Consummated.

What is larceny?

Taking another’s property for permanent use without consent.

Give an example of mitigating circumstance.

Offender voluntarily surrendered to authorities, or offender is under 18 or over 70 years old.

What is the professional term for ‘lack of ability’ that can cause license revocation?

Incompetence.

Describe ‘conspiracy’ in criminal law.

An agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime where each participant is liable for the acts of all.

Who are principals in a crime?

Persons who actually commit, induce, or directly participate in the crime.

Define kidnapping under crimes against liberty.

Forcible abduction or detention of a person without legal authority.

What is the penalty range for prision mayor?

Imprisonment from 6 years and 1 day to 10 years.

What do the letters ‘PD’ stand for in Philippine legal citations?

Presidential Decree.

What is the objective of non-maleficence in healthcare ethics?

To avoid causing harm to the patient.

What ethical principle supports keeping promises and agreements?

Fidelity.

Who authored the Radiologic Technologist’s Creed?

Atty. Oscar Romero.

In ethical terms, what is autonomy?

A patient’s right to make his or her own decisions.

Which section of R.A. 7431 defines the scope of examination for Radiologic Technologists?

Section 21.

What document officially launches the Code of Professional Ethics for X-ray and Radiologic Technologists?

Resolution #4, May 28, 1993.

Explain ‘mala in se’.

Acts that are inherently wrong from the beginning.

Explain ‘mala prohibita’.

Acts that are wrong because they are prohibited by law.

What crime involves the intentional burning of another’s house?

Arson.

Define ‘sabotage’ as a crime against property.

Intentional damage to an employer’s property by an employee.

What is concubinage?

Cohabitation of a married man with a woman other than his wife.

Identify two administrative grounds for revocation of a radiologic technologist’s license.

Malpractice and incompetence.

What is ‘subpoena ad testificandum’?

A writ ordering a person to testify in court.

Under RA 7431, who appoints members of the Board of Radiologic Technology?

The President of the Philippines.

What is the legal definition of abortion in the notes?

Expulsion of the product of conception before viability.

What principle states there is no crime without a law punishing it?

Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege.

Give one example of aggravating circumstance.

Use of fire, poison, or explosion in committing the crime.

What is ‘respondent superior’ in layman’s terms?

Employers are liable for negligent acts of their employees performed within employment scope.