Chapter 8 - Citizenship Education

Flashcards covering the origins, theories, and developments of citizenship education, with a specific focus on the South African, British, and American contexts.

Citizenship as a legal status

Refers to the formal recognition of an individual as a member of a state, being a citizen.

Citizenship as a practice

Involves active participation and behavioral engagement, acting as a citizen.

Cosmopolitanism

A philosophy and educational goal that prepares learners to act on a local, national, and global scale based on universal moral ideals.

Status (Athenian Dimension)

The formal relationship of the individual to the state in ancient Athenian democracy.

Feeling (Athenian Dimension)

A sense of belonging to a community of citizens.

Practice (Athenian Dimension)

Active participation in public affairs or the life of the community.

Human Agency

The capacity of individuals to think, act independently, and make free choices among different ways of life.

Assembly (Ancient Athens)

A body made up of all male citizens older than $18$ that ruled on foreign policy, made laws, and tried political crimes.

Council of Five Hundred (Ancient Athens)

An administrative body that prepared the agenda for the assembly and oversaw its day-to-day business.

Law Courts (Ancient Athens)

Institutions that prepared legislation for consideration by the assembly.

Civil Rights

The rights necessary for individual freedom, such as freedom of speech, property, and the right to a fair trial.

Civic

Derived from the Latin word \text{civicus}, meaning belonging to citizens or relating to the relations between local people and their place of residence.

Minimal interpretation of citizenship

A conception of democracy where political involvement is limited primarily to voting for elected representatives.

Maximal interpretation of citizenship

A conception of democracy that emphasizes broad participation and direct decision-making by \text{the people} in government.

Civic Agency

Refers to \text{free public spaces} where ordinary people act as agents of their own development, promoting individual freedom and social cohesion.

Natives Land Act (Act No. $26$ of $1913$)

South African legislation that established reserves, later known as \text{homelands}, for Black people.

Natives Urban Areas Act (Act No. $20$ of $1923$)

An act that segregated Black and White people socially by administratively separating native locations from towns.

South African Citizenship Act (Act No. $44$ of $1949$)

Legislation that created the status of South African citizenship, substituting for the previous Union nationality.

Population Registration Act (Act No. $30$ of $1950$)

An apartheid law that classified the South African population into four race groups: Europeans, Coloureds, Indians, and Africans.

Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (Act No. $45$ of $1959$)

Legislation providing for the establishment of ten independent or autonomous Black states.

Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (Act No. $26$ of $1970$)

An act that assigned Africans citizenship in their respective ethnic homelands, effectively denying them full rights in White South Africa.

Freedom Charter ($1955$)

A document drawn up at the Congress of the People declaring that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, Black and White.

‘Soft’ learning

A type of citizenship education that relies entirely on the formal school curriculum.

‘Hard’ learning

A type of citizenship education that involves learning by doing through opportunities inside and outside the school curriculum.

Political Literacy

The outcome of citizenship education where children learn how to be effective in public life through knowledge, skills, and values.

Civic Virtue (CIVITAS)

The goal of instilling habits that contribute positively to the democratic system and principles for responsible citizenship.

Intellectual Skills (Civic Education)

The capacity to identify, describe, explain, evaluate a position, and defend a position.

Participatory Skills (Civic Education)

The capacity to influence policies and decisions through collaboration, building coalitions, negotiating, and managing conflicts.

Representative Councils of Learners (RCLs)

Official structures in South African schools for learners in Grade $8$ and higher, elected to represent their fellow learners.

Competitive Elitism

A view of democracy, associated with Schumpeter, that prioritizes the competition for leadership over mass citizen participation.

Patriotism

An identification or pride for the uniqueness of one’s country, sometimes described as national identification to discharge social obligations.

Bill of Responsibilities ($2008$)

A joint initiative in South Africa to nurture a culture of care, duty, and responsibility in youth, emphasizing obedience to laws and national contribution.

Cosmopolitan Citizenship

A sense of belonging based on diversity across local to global communities, recognizing common human values and global awareness.