greasefinal

who were the hellenodikai

official judges of the olympic games, enforced laws of fairness

what was the premier event at the olympics? what is the modern equivalent

stadion race, equivalent to the 200 meter race

what is a hecatomb

100 oxen that were sacrificed to provide a great feast and appeal to the gods

what were the 3 calendars Athenians used simultaneously

lunisolar (religious 12 months based on moon cycles), democratic (civili 10 months), and agricultural (looked at star risings to fix points in time)

what are the events in the modern pentathlon, and how does it compare to the ancient one

modern (fencing, 200m swim, equestrian show jumping, pistol shooting, and 3200m xc race)

ancient (discus, long jump, javelin, 200m race, and wrestling)

2 main theories as to how the discus event was performed

1- athletes spun to use centrifugal force (similar to modern technique)

2- used arm strength alone, using a body twist, not a full spin

what is an ankyle and how did it work

a leather strap used to aid in javelin throwing that increased the throws speed and distance

where was the ball-player base found

Themestoclean wall - the wall was built in a hurry as a political maneuver between Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

what spoila were built into the Acropolis fortress at Athens after the Persian wars?

the spoila used were monuments that were damaged by the Persians

what were the 3 uses of kouros statues

honorific (athlete/soldier), grave markers, or dedications to the gods

2 key differences between greek korous statues and egyptian forebears

k- round (meant to be viewed at all angles) and nude

e- clothed and one-sided (flat on the back)

why does Phrasiklea Kore hold an unopened flower

she will always be known as a girl because she died an unmarried virgin. the flower is meant to symbolize purity and unreached potential

What does poikilia mean

being marked with various colors and patterns

how did one achieve victory in ancient pale/wrestling? what is a triakler?

you had to throw the opponent on the ground 3 times without falling - the winner was called a triakler

where is oxyrhynchus? what important discoveries were made there?

in egypt, found the Oalkdsjfh Papyri, text that described different wrestling grips and other greek wrestling manuals

what were boxers’ himantes and what purpose did they serve

leather glove-like straps that were designed to protect fingers, only covered the wrists and knuckles, while the fingers were left free

what is the closest modern equivalent of the pankration? what were the only rules

UFC- no biting or gouging (allowed in Sparta), and a single vase indicates genital kicking was banned

summarize pausinias’ story about theagenes of thanos and his statue

after t died, one of his enemies would go an taunt his statue, but one day the statue fell and killed him, the statue was prosecuted for murder and thrown inot the ocean, thanos fell into famine and a Pythian priestess told them to bring back the statue, so they fished it out of the sea and then the famine was over

What does boustrophedon mean

writing alternately from left to right, like how you would mow a lawn

who is kyniska and what did she achieve

spartan woman who won the chariot race, pressured by her brother who wanted to prove that wealth was the reason for victory, and she helped him prove that point

What does chryselephantine mean

a statue made of gold and ivory - ivory flesh and gold drapery

what was the black layer excavated at olympia and what was in it

huge deposit of ashes, bones, and offerings - contained finds and pottery

what is the significance of tropaion and how is it the origin of a modern trophy

pieces of armor celebrating a victory

who was croesus

king of lydia who provided lavish dedications to leave his mark on olympia

what was soutsos’ poem where plato asked where are your olympic games

1833 poem called dialogues of the dead, ghost of plato

significance of the phonix on the first modern greek coins

symbolized the rebirth of greece after centuries of ottoman rule

megale idea during the greek turkish war

revive the byzantine empire by establishing a greek state

ochi day?

oct 28 1940 - rejection of an italian ultimatutm by the greek prime minister by simply saying ochi, meaning no, maked greece’s entry into ww2

what does laconic mean

short, terse - in manner of the lacoians, who were known for their austerity, and had many short statements attributed to them

what were the meetings of the olympic class and who instituted them

annual village games held by WP Brookes in shopshire england

what request did evangelis zappas make in his will

first buried in romania, then after one olympiad, body exhumed, head separated from his body, head placed in the zappeion, and body in albania

what is mount pentelikon

a mountain that was the source of marble used to construct the panathaic stadium

summarize the prejudice against laborers/professionals in olympic revival

upper class men started the amateur athletic club - declared that men who did labor for a living (mechanics, artisans, or laborers) were professionals, and not allowed to compete in amateur contests

who was jim thorpe and what was his role in reviving the olympic idea

a native american athlete who dazzled spectators with his athleticism, his performance was so good that it almost single handedly revived the olympic idea

who was jesse owens

a black olympic sprinter who had to face many challenges - won gold right in front of hitler, the ultimate white supremacist

who was pheidipides

runner sent by the athenians to request help from the spartans for the battle of marathon

what does plutarch say about thersippus of groedae

says that eucles ran to the men of the state, declared victory, then immediately died

what is the distance of the modern marathon and where does it come from

42.2 km, 26 miles distance from the windsor castle to londons olympic stadium (1908)

zanes

Hoplitodromos race or race in armor

starting block or balbis

hysplex

halters (hand weights) for long jumpers

spoila from the older parthenon

kouros statue

daedalic style

kore statue

boxing fresco from thera

bronze boxer at terme

delphi charioteer

ash altar

pelopion

heraion

tropaion

treasury terrace