Life and Works of Rizal (Chapter 6: ANNOTATIONS OF ANTONIO MORGAS SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS)

José Alberto

Rizal as a child heard from his uncle about this ancient history of the Philippines written by a Spaniard named Antonio de Morga.

Ferdinand Blumentritt

Some other sources claim that Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) was suggested by Austrian scholar

Antonio de Morga

was a Spanish historian, lawyer and a notable colonial official for 43 years in the Philippines. New Spain, and Peru.

1594 to 1604.

de Morga stayed in the Philippines, then a colony of Spain, from

1609

Sucesos de las islas Filipinas was published.

Sucesos de las islas Filipinas

 The history is said to cover the years from 1493 to 1603.

●      Discussions deal with the political, social, and economic phases of life of both the natives and their colonizers.

Casa de Geronym, Balli, in Mexico City.

history was published in two volumes, both in 1609, by

first English translation

was published in 1868 in London,

Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt

a knowledgeable Filipinologist, recommended Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.

1888-1889

Rizal largely spent his many months of stay in London at the British Museum researching from its Filipiniana Collection, looking for Morga's book, and then copying and annotating this rare book available in the library. Having no high-tech copying technology at that time, he had to painstakingly hand-copy the whole 351 pages of Morga's work.

March 1889

Leaving London for Paris.

Bibliotheque Nationale

Rizal frequented this to continue working on his annotation of the Sucesos.

Paris

he finished and published his annotation of the Sucesos in 1890.

José Rizal, Europe, 1889

rizal’s signature

Austin Craig

an early biographer of Rizal and translated into English some of the more important of Rizal's annotations in the Sucesos.

Father Chirino's work,

printed in Rome in 1604, is rather a chronicle of the Missions than a history of the Philippines: still it contains a great deal of valuable material on usages and customs

conquest

admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its broadest sense.

Cebu, Panay. Luzon, Mindoro

and some others cannot be said to have been conquered.

Cebu

which Morga calls "The City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus," was at first called "The village of San Miguel"

The expedition of Villalobos

  intermediate between Magellan's and Legaspi's, gave the name "Philipina" to one of the southern islands, Tendaya, now perhaps Leyte, and this name later was extended to the whole archipelago.

Raja Soliman

called Rahang mura, or young king, in distinction from the old king. Rahang matanda, Historians have confused these personages.

Harigues, or haligui

●        rampart reinforced with thick hardwood posts the Tagalogs used for their house

1570

Manila was burned, and with it a great plant for manufacturing artillery.

May 20

●        Legaspi arrived in Manila on San Baudelio’s Day.

Bisayas

the southern islands, were also called "The land of the Painted People (or Pintados, in Spanish)" because the natives had their bodies decorated with tracings made with fire, somewhat like tattooing.

Encomendero

●         holder of an "encomienda," a grant from the Spanish Crown in the Americas, granting the right to extract labor and tribute from indigenous people, while also being obligated to protect and evangelize them.

Salcedo

(Legaspi Grandson) called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines, was the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest."

It was him who saved Manila from Li Ma-hong

-         Vigan was his encomienda and the Illokanos were his heirs.

Captain Gabriel de Rivera

●        a Spanish commander who had gained fame in a raid on Borneo and the Malacca coast, was the first envoy from the Philippines to take up with the King of Spain the needs of the archipelago.

Father Alonso Sanchez

who visited the papal court at Rome and the Spanish King at Madrid, had a mission much like that of deputies now, but of even greater importance since he came to be a sort of counselor or representative to the absolute monarch of that epoch. One wonders why the Philippines could have a representative then but may not have one now.

Governor Gomez Perez Dasmariñas,

fortified the point at the entrance to the river where had been the ancient native fort of wood, and he gave it the name Fort Santiago.

Rodriguez de Figueroa

conquer Mindanao according to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the people called the Buhahayenes.

Ubal

Filipino who killed Rodriguez de Figueroa.

Cebuanos

●        drew a pattern on the skin before starting in to tattoo. The Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow.

"Kalualhatiran,"

●        the abode of the spirit, there was a dangerous river to cross that had no bridge other than a very narrow strip of wood over which a woman could not pass unless she had a husband or lover to extend a hand to assist her.

Cannon foundry or the walled city

●        was established in 1584 in Lamayan, that is. Santa Ana now, and was transferred to the old site in 1590. It continued to work until 1805.

Malate

better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were dispossessed by the Spaniards of their old homes in what is now the walled city of Manila.

Don Agustin Sonson

an escort's leader who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and sword into the country, killing many, including the chief, Kabadi.