Illicit Drug Use, Sexual Offending, Property Crime, White Collar Crime, Positive Deviance, and Extreme Behaviors

Flashcards on Drug Use, Sexual Offending, Property Crime, White Collar Crime, Positive Deviance, and Extreme Behaviors

Drug

Any chemical substance that can affect the structure or function of a living body, often used as medicine or taken for its pleasurable effects.

Substance(drug) abuse

Maladaptive use of drugs, resulting in impairment in functioning or distress.

Substance dependence

Withdrawal, tolerance, and a physiological need for a substance.

Substance-induced disorders

Delirium, psychosis, or a break from reality induced by substance use.

Behavioral dependence

Chronic drug use that endangers life and limb, characterized by continued compulsive use.

Physical Dependence

Drug use that causes withdrawal symptoms and a physiological need for the substance.

Drug culture

Activities and way of life of people who habitually use drugs of abuse.

Addiction

State of dependency on a chemical substance, characterized by a strong physiological need and a compulsive inability to resist taking the drug despite probable adverse consequences.

Depressants

A category of drugs including alcohol and benzodiazepines.

Stimulants

A category of drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine.

Opioids

A type of depressant categorized as narcotics, such as heroin, codeine, and oxycodone.

Hallucinogens

A category of drugs including LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.

Withdrawal

Symptoms that follow an interruption in drug use, including physical and emotional distress.

Substance withdrawal delirium

Change in cognition and disturbance of consciousness due to substance withdrawal.

Sex Offense

A sex act that is prohibited by law; varies by jurisdiction.

Rape

Forced sexual penetration against the will and without the consent of the individual.

Date Rape

Rape committed by a partner or acquaintance, often involving drugs or physical coercion.

Sexual Assault

A wide range of victimization including sodomy, objects, fondling, and incest.

Incest

Intercourse between persons who are related within the degree where marriage is prohibited by law.

Bestiality

Sexual excitement or gratification obtained through anal or genital intercourse or other sexual contact with an animal.

Zoophilia

Erotic attraction to animals.

Paraphilias

A sexual disorder in which unusual or bizarre fantasies or behaviors are necessary for sexual excitement.

Urophilia

Urine as a source of arousal.

Voyeurs

Excitement from watching unsuspecting people who are naked, having sex, or showering.

Exhibitinists

Exposing genitals to unsuspecting people for sexual excitement without touching.

Frottage

Seeking sexual excitement by rubbing against other people in crowded places.

Necrophilia

Sexual attraction to dead bodies.

Sexual Perversion

Any sexual practice regarded by a community or culture as an abnormal means of achieving orgasm or sexual arousal.

Sexual Deviancy

Any sexual behavior that is regarded as significantly different from the standards established by a culture or subculture.

Stalking

A repeated pattern of following or observing a person in an obsessional, intrusive, or harassing manner.

Statutory Rape

The criminal offense of having sexual intercourse with an individual who is not qualified to give lawful consent because they are below the statutory age of consent.

Child Molesters

Any sexual behavior toward a child by an adult.

Pedophilia

Attraction to or sexual acts or fantasies with prepubertal children.

Grooming

Attempts to manipulate a child for sexual purposes.

Property Crime

The illegal taking or damaging of property from homes, businesses, motor vehicles, or individuals.

Larceny

The unlawful taking of personal property with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it permanently.

Burglary

The entering of a building or residence with the intent to commit a crime.

Robbery

Forcibly taking property from a person, involving direct contact with the victim.

Mugging

To attack or assault with the intent to rob.

Strong armed robbery

Using physical force to rob, without a weapon.

Armed robbery

Robbery using weapons.

Trespass

To unlawfully enter the land of another.

White Collar Crime

Crimes committed by persons of high status or social elites in the course of their occupations.

Corporate crime

Crimes committed by firms while conducting business, such as environmental pollution or false advertisement.

Occupational crime

Crime committed to benefit the offender only, done using job duties.

Government Crimes

Crimes committed by government employees and public officials, such as embezzling government money.

Organized Crime

A large number of people in a hierarchical structure engaged in an ongoing pattern of criminal activities.

Altruism

Behavior performed for the benefit of others without regard to rewards.

Workaholism

The compulsive need to work excessively, leading to stress and interpersonal difficulties.

Extreme sports

Activities that involve high-risk, potentially life-threatening events to endurance sports